UNIT 4.1 Principles of Homeostasis and Control Mechanisms

These flashcards cover key concepts and mechanisms related to homeostasis and extracellular fluid in human physiology.

What percentage of the human body is made up of fluid?

50-70% of the human body is fluid.

What is extracellular fluid?

Fluid outside of cells, making up 1/3 of total body fluid, necessary for life.

What is homeostasis?

The maintenance of a nearly constant internal environment.

What systems of the body help in the transport of extracellular fluid?

The blood circulatory system.

What are the two stages of extracellular fluid transport?

Movement of blood through vessels and movement of fluid between capillaries and intercellular spaces.

Which system provides oxygen to cells?

The respiratory system.

How do the kidneys contribute to homeostasis?

By filtering blood and removing waste products.

What is the role of the immune system in maintaining homeostasis?

It protects the body by distinguishing its own cells from foreign invaders and destroying harmful substances.

What type of feedback mechanism is most common in the body?

Negative feedback.

What is positive feedback, and why can it be dangerous?

A mechanism that can lead to a 'vicious circle' and potentially result in death, though it is necessary in certain processes like childbirth.

What mechanism allows for rapid movements without immediate brain input?

Adaptive control or feed-forward adjustments.

Why is homeostasis critical for survival?

Disruptions in homeostasis can lead to disease or dysfunction.

Which systems are involved in the regulation of the internal environment?

Respiratory, circulatory, renal, endocrine, nervous, and immune systems.

What is feed-forward in the context of adaptive control?

Signals that lead to movements without delayed input from the brain.