IB sports

Plane (guiding)

ankle joints allows for sliding movement

ball and socket

hip and shoulder

condyloid(ellipsoid)

wrist joint, jaw, toes

saddle

base of thumb

pivot

neck rotation

Hinge

elbow, knee ankle

Synovial joints

fluid between bones, 6 types

Cartilage joints

classified by the type of cartilage in your bones(no fluid), synchondrosis, and symphysis

Synchondrosis

The growth plates, hip joints in children and sternocostal joints

Symphysis

Pubic symphysis(connecting the pubic bones to the pelvis), the intervertebral discs and the joint between the manubrium and sternum

Fibrous Joints

Dense connective tissue between each bone.

Examples of fibrous joints (4)

The skull bones, ankle bones, between teeth roots and sockets, an the radius and ulna

Tendons

connect your muscles to your bones, prevent muscle injury(absorb impact), and help limbs move

Cartilage

enhance bone resilience, provide support in bony areas, resist compressive forces, provide shape to some parts of the body, and act as a cushion between bones in joints. smooth mobility

Ligaments

Stabilize the joint or hold the ends of two bones together, make sure joints don’t twist, and strengthen joints

Fascia

Joint stability, separates and holds together muscles, and reduce friction

Bursa

Cushion between muscles, ligaments and bones reduces friction allowing for smooth movement

Frontal/ coronal plan

front where someone is looking, front vs back half

transverse/ x-sectional plane

cuts the body in half at the waist

Sagittal plane

cuts in the middle of the body in half

Midsagittal

only one cut through the center of the body

parasagittal

as many cuts through the middle of the body as you want

radialsynetrical

two sides that are exactly the same

bilateral symmetry

humans/animals have close to it by not exactly

anatomical position

hands down and flat facing forward

gastrointestinal (GI) system

series of hollow organs (mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines) and accessory organs (liver, pancreas, gallbladder) that break down food into nutrients, absorb them into the bloodstream for energy, and eliminate waste. It facilitates mechanical and chemical digestion crucial for supplying fuel for exercise and recovery

appendicular system

the limbs coming out from the body, the hips and pelvis are a part of this

axial skeleton

this included the head and is all the middle structure of your body

circumduct

making a circle with parts of the body

rotation

twisting different parts of the body

proximal

situated nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment.

distal

situated further from the center of the body or the point of attachment.

superior

closer to head

medial

towards mid-sagittal plane of the body

intermediate

medium between lateral and medial

lateral

away from mid-sagittal plane

superficial

moving out to outer edge of the body

deep

deeper in the body

posterior/dorsal

the back of anatomical position

anterior/ventral

the front of anatomical position

systems of the body (11)

immune system, reproductive system, cardiovascular system, nervous system, skeletal system, ventilation/respiratory system, digestive system, endocrine system, muscular system, lymphatic system, and integumentary system (skin)

Functions of the skeletal system (6)

Structure, movement, protects your organs, minerals storage, blood production, and fat storage