3.2 Empires: Administrations - AP World

Rulers Legitimize Power

Methods ruler uses to tell all subjects that the ruler is the one in charge

Rulers Consolidate Power

Methods ruler uses to take power from other areas to claim it for themself

Divine Right of Kings

Europe’s way of government. Under this, king was a political and religious entity

Justices of the Peace

Officials selected by land gentry that maintain peace in England under Tudor rule

English Bill of Rights

Signed by England’s rulers, it assured liberties of individuals and protected against tyranny

Absolutism in France

The French government was directed by only 1 source of power—the king

Intendants/Tax Farmers

France’s way of maintaining power. Set out on Providence’s to execute orders of central government

Louis XIV

He kept nobles close to him at Versailles, which weakened the French government as he did not share power

Serfdom in Russia

Bottom of hierarchy. Received land and protection with little freedom. This social pyramid was Russian way of maintaining power

Ivan IV

Was an expansionist. Executed boyars for going against his policies. Those who were loyal to him were called for oprichina, a paramilitary force

Peter the Great 16th

Reigned the Romanov Dynasty after Ivan. Defeated his boyar sister and participated in church affairs. Organized gov by creating 50 provinces

Devshirme

Selection system that recruited Christian boys to serve in Ottoman government, typically from Balkans. They were highly educated to be Janissaries (elite soldiers) or administrators of territories

Ming Dynasty

This dynasty bought back the civil service exam, imperial bureaucracy, and improved eduction to get rid of the Mongols

Japan’s Daimyo

These were landholding aristocrats that held an army of samurai to conquer territory. Gunpowder facilitated the strength of these daimyo

3 Greatest Daimyos

Oda Nobunaga took over Kyoto, Toyotomi Hideyoshi expanded Japan, and Tokugawa Iesayu controlled city of Edo into Period of Great Peace

Tokugawa Shogunate

Period of reorganization of Japan’s control. Divided into 250 territories. Daimyo also had to maintain residences in home and in their capital

Akbar’s Rule in Mughal

This rule defeated Hindu armies and extended empire south and westward. He established government in Delhi and created effective civil service.

Zamindars

Paid gov officials that controlled taxation, construction and water supplies in Mughal empire. Built their own army of soldiers and civilians when collected enough taxes

St. Petersburg

This was a city that was opened to Peter the Great when he seized land on the Baltic Sea. Architects and prisoners built government structures in a European style to show admiration of the continent

Human Sacrifice

This method was used by the Aztecs to legitimize power. Rulers did this to let everyone know who was in charge

Askia

Ruler of Songhai, he promoted Islam and made a pilgrimage to Mecca to make Songhai largest kingdom in W Africa

Shah Jahan

He built the Taj Mahal during the Mughal Empire that showed power of the rulers and their Islamic religion

Taxation in Russia

This was taxation where Peter established industries in gunpowder, woodwork, leather, paper, and he also raised taxes that hurt peasants

Ottoman and Mughal Taxation

This taxation with both empires was collected in tax farming, like zamindars. This did eventually lead to decline of one of the empires

Tributes

In China, this was a form of taxation in the form of recognition and authority over their power. This came in respect, submission or allegiance. Songhai also followed this