DNA Technology and Genomics

Practice flashcards based on the lecture notes for DNA Technology and Genomics.

What does biotechnology include?

All commercial or industrial uses of cells or organisms.

What is recombinant DNA technology?

Splicing together DNA from different organisms.

What are restriction enzymes?

Proteins produced by bacteria that cut DNA at specific sequences.

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?

To separate mixtures of macromolecules like DNA fragments based on size.

What does PCR stand for?

Polymerase Chain Reaction.

What is the role of vectors in genetic engineering?

Carriers that transport DNA fragments into cells.

What is a plasmid?

Genetic material in a bacterium that replicates independently of the chromosomes.

What is the main use of recombinant DNA?

To produce identical copies of foreign (recombinant) DNA.

What can RNA interference (RNAi) determine?

The function of a specific gene by inactivating it.

What are transgenic organisms?

Plants and animals that have incorporated foreign genes.

What are the applications of DNA fingerprinting?

Forensic analysis, identifying victims, and paternity testing.

What concerns exist regarding genetically modified (GM) crops?

Health effects and labeling controversies.

What is the significance of CRISPR technologies?

To alter specific DNA sequences for applications such as gene therapy.

What is the purpose of Southern blotting?

To transfer DNA fragments from a gel to a membrane for detection.

What is a major application of DNA technology in medicine?

Genetic testing for specific mutations associated with diseases.