Microbiology 16B

Which is the most common type of biological vector of human disease?

arthropods

A mosquito bites a person who subsequently develops a fever and abdominal rash. What type of transmission would this be?

biological vector transmission

Cattle are allowed to pasture in a field that contains the farmhouse well, and the farmer's family becomes ill with a gastrointestinal pathogen after drinking the water. What type of transmission of infectious agents would this be?

vehicle transmission

A blanket from a child with chicken pox is likely to be contaminated with the virus that causes chickenpox (Varicella-zoster virus). What is the blanket called?fomite

fomite

Which of the following would NOT be considered an emerging disease?

tuberculosis

Which of the following would NOT be considered a re-emerging disease?

West Nile virus fever/encephalitis

Which of the following factors can lead to re-emergence of a disease?

A period of decline in vaccination rates

They are increasing and therefore not controlled

Why are emerging diseases with very few cases the focus of intense scrutiny?

sporadic disease

A disease found occasionally in a region with cases occurring mainly in isolation from each other.

A disease found regularly in a region

endemic disease

A disease in higher than expected numbers around the world.

pandemic disease

morbidity rate

The number of disease cases per 100,000 individuals.

mortality rate

The number of deaths from a disease for every 10,000 individuals.

Florence Nightingale

Compiled data on causes of mortality in soldiers, leading to innovations in military medical care.

Robert Koch

Developed a methodology for conclusively determining the etiology of disease.

Joseph Lister

Showed that surgical wound infection rates could be dramatically reduced by using carbolic acid to disinfect surgical tools, bandages, and surgical sites.

John Snow

Determined the source of cholera outbreak in London.

CDC (Center of Disease Control)

The _____ collects data and conducts epidemiological studies in the United States

Propagated spread

_____ occurs when an infected individual passes the infection on to other individuals, who pass it on to still others, increasing the penetration of the infection into the susceptible population.

point source

A batch of food contaminated with botulism exotoxin, consumed at a family reunion by most of the members of a family, would be an example of a _____ outbreak.

nosocomial (or healthcare associated)

A patient in the hospital with a urinary catheter develops a bladder infection. This is an example of a(n) _____ infection.

vector

A _____ is an animal that can transfer infectious pathogens from one host to another.

WHO (World Health Organization)

The _____ collects data and conducts epidemiological studies at the global level.