Chapter 6 Microbial Genetics

A frameshift is caused by ______ mutations.

deletion and insertion

Which is correct about purines?

They include adenine and guanine,

They are always paired with a specific pyrimidine,

They are found within nucleotides,

They are nitrogenous bases.

Which of the following is incorrect about termination codons?

They include AUG.

All of the following pertain to transcription except

it requires a template DNA strand

it occurs before translation

it is a process that contributes to the synthesis of protein

it requires RNA polymerase

The DNA of an organism is made up of subunits called _______.

nucleotides

DNA Polymerase I _______.

removes primers

A permanent, inheritable change in the genetic information is called ________.

a mutation

Induced mutations are initiated by errors in DNA replication.

false

The site where the old DNA strands separate and new DNA strands will be synthesized is called the ________.

replication fork

DNA polymerase III ______.

adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand

The _____ is all of the genetic material of a cell.

genome

Each nucleotide is composed of _______.

one phosphate,

one nitrogenous base,

and one sugar

Lactose is a repressor in the lac operon.

false

Repressible operons are normally turned on in the cell.

true

Okazaki fragments are attached to the growing end of the lagging strand by _______.

DNA ligase

Groups of three consecutive bases along the DNA of a gene have the code for one _______.

amino acid

A mutation that changes a normal codon to a stop codon is called a ______ mutation.

nonsense

During replication, each parent DNA strand serves as a ______ for synthesis of new DNA strands.

template

The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis are called ________.

transfer RNA

Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from bacterial chromosomes because only eukaryotes have _______.

histone proteins,

several to many chromosomes, chromosomes in a nucleus,

elongated,

not circular,

chromosomes

Semiconservative replication refers to _______.

an original parent DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand comprising a new DNA molecule

Helicase ______.

unzips DNA

Bacterial conjugation involves _______.

a donor cell with a plasmid that synthesizes a pilus

A primer comprised of _______ is needed at the origin of nucleotide addition.

RNA

All of the following pertain to nitrogenous bases except _______.

guanine pairs with uracil

Which molecule is translated into an amino acid sequence?

Messenger RNA

Which of the following is not a type of bacterial DNA recombination?

Transrecombination

The duplication of a cell's DNA is called _______.

replication

Which is incorrect about inducible operons?

They have genes turned off by a buildup of end product.

What type of mutation alters the base but not the amino acid being coded for?

Silent

DNA topoisomerase _______.

removes supercoiling ahead of origin

RNA polymerase binds to the _______.

promoter sequence

If a codon for an amino acid known as aspartic acid is GAC, then the anticodon is ______.

CUG

Base pairs in DNA are held together by ______ bonds.

hydrogen

A sequence of bases within a gene that does not code for protein is called a/an _______.

intron

The sum total of all the genes within a cell is considered it ______, while the sum total of all the cell's proteins is considered its _______.

genome

proteome

According to the idea of complementary base pairing, adenine always partners with:

uracil

thymine

The short sequences of DNA that are created on the lagging strand, during DNA replication, are referred to as ____________________________ fragments.

Okazaki

The short sequence of RNA nucleotides added to the DNA template during DNA replication is synthesized by the enzyme called:

primase

The sequence of DNA that controls transcription, but has no influence on the amino acid sequence of the actual protein, is referred to as the:

promoter

The non-coding portions of eukaryotic DNA that must be removed during the processing of RNA are called ________________________.

introns

The lac operon is induced by the monosaccharide glucose and repressed by the disaccharide lactose.

False

The acquisition of new DNA directly from the environment is referred to as:

transformation

The least harmful type of mutations are referred to as:

silent