Cell Test Study Guide - Flashcards
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33 Terms
Cell
The most basic unit of life
Chloroplast
Absorbs light | Site of photosynthesis
Nuclear membrane
Protects the nucleus
Ribosome
Makes protein
Cell membrane
Border of the cell | Controls what enters and exits the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
Transports materials around the cell
Lysosome
Breaks down / digests molecules
Osmosis
The movement of water molecules through the cell membrane
Passive transport
Materials move from high to low concentration | Does not use any ATP (energy) | cell is actively working to achieve equilibrium
Fermentation
Converts food into energy without using oxygen
Mitosis
Reproduction of body cells | Chromosomes in pairs
Sexual reproduction
Sperm and egg required | 2 parent cells / organisms | 2 sets of genes
Photosynthesis
Only in plant cells | Converts solar energy into sugar | CO2 + H2O + solar energy + chlorophyll → C6H12O6 + O2
Platelets
Solid part of blood | Help to stop bleeding
Red blood cells
Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
Chemical reactions
The process which occurs when molecules in a substance rearrange to make new substances
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Cell wall
Provides support for shape | Also provides extra protection
Nucleus
Contains DNA | Controls cell's actions
Mitochondria
Produces energy
Golgi body
Packages proteins
Vacuole
Stores food/water/waste
Cytoplasm
Where some of the chemical reactions take place | Gel-like substance holding the organelles
Diffusion
The movement of molecules that are allowed through the cell membrane
Active transport
Materials move from high to low concentration | Requires ATP (energy)
Facilitated diffusion
The process by which larger molecules are helped in passing through the cell membrane
Cellular Respiration
Occurs in both plant and animal cells | Converts food / oxygen into energy
Meiosis
Reproduction of sex cells (sperm / egg) | Only one set chromosomes in the cell to divide
Asexual reproduction
No sperm or egg required | Only one parent cell / organism | 1 set of genes
Small intestine
Moves nutrients into the bloodstream
Plasma
Liquid part of the blood | Carry food
White blood cells
Attack and destroy germs entering your body
Law of Conservation of Matter
In a chemical reaction, no matter is gained nor destroyed