Cell Test Study Guide - Flashcards

Cell

The most basic unit of life

Chloroplast

Absorbs light | Site of photosynthesis

Nuclear membrane

Protects the nucleus

Ribosome

Makes protein

Cell membrane

Border of the cell | Controls what enters and exits the cell

Endoplasmic reticulum

Transports materials around the cell

Lysosome

Breaks down / digests molecules

Osmosis

The movement of water molecules through the cell membrane

Passive transport

Materials move from high to low concentration | Does not use any ATP (energy) | cell is actively working to achieve equilibrium

Fermentation

Converts food into energy without using oxygen

Mitosis

Reproduction of body cells | Chromosomes in pairs

Sexual reproduction

Sperm and egg required | 2 parent cells / organisms | 2 sets of genes

Photosynthesis

Only in plant cells | Converts solar energy into sugar | CO2 + H2O + solar energy + chlorophyll → C6H12O6 + O2

Platelets

Solid part of blood | Help to stop bleeding

Red blood cells

Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

Chemical reactions

The process which occurs when molecules in a substance rearrange to make new substances

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Cell wall

Provides support for shape | Also provides extra protection

Nucleus

Contains DNA | Controls cell's actions

Mitochondria

Produces energy

Golgi body

Packages proteins

Vacuole

Stores food/water/waste

Cytoplasm

Where some of the chemical reactions take place | Gel-like substance holding the organelles

Diffusion

The movement of molecules that are allowed through the cell membrane

Active transport

Materials move from high to low concentration | Requires ATP (energy)

Facilitated diffusion

The process by which larger molecules are helped in passing through the cell membrane

Cellular Respiration

Occurs in both plant and animal cells | Converts food / oxygen into energy

Meiosis

Reproduction of sex cells (sperm / egg) | Only one set chromosomes in the cell to divide

Asexual reproduction

No sperm or egg required | Only one parent cell / organism | 1 set of genes

Small intestine

Moves nutrients into the bloodstream

Plasma

Liquid part of the blood | Carry food

White blood cells

Attack and destroy germs entering your body

Law of Conservation of Matter

In a chemical reaction, no matter is gained nor destroyed