abdominal viscera

where does the abdominopelvic cavity?

goes from inferior diaphragm to sacral promontory

Which umbilical fold contains the inferior epigastric vessels?

The lateral umbilical fold.

Which umbilical fold contains obliterated umbilical arteries?

The medial umbilical fold.

What is the deep inguinal ring?

The entrance to the inguinal canal.

What contains RUQ?

Liver, Gallbladder, Duodenum, Head of pancreas

What contains RLQ?

• Cecum

• Appendix

What contains LUQ?

• Stomach

• Spleen

• Tail of pancreas

What contains LLQ?

Sigmoid colon

Why are abdominal regions used instead of quadrants?

They provide more precise organ localization.

Which region contains much of the stomach?

Epigastric region.

Which region commonly contains the appendix?

Right iliac (inguinal) region.

What is the peritoneum?

A giant slippery membrane.

It:

• Lines the abdominal wall

• Covers organs

• Allows organs to move smoothly

Without it, every time you moved your intestines would rub painfully against surrounding structures.

Does the peritoneum stop at the pelvic inlet?

No, it extends into the pelvis.

What structure gives rise to the digestive tract?

The primordial gut tube.

What covers the primitive gut tube during development?

Peritoneum.

What is a mesentery?

A double layer of peritoneum that suspends an organ.

What two mesenteries exist during development?

Dorsal and ventral mesenteries.

What structures travel through mesenteries?

Blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

Which mesentery contains the developing liver?

Ventral mesentery.

Which mesentery contains many developing blood vessels?

Dorsal mesentery.

What major developmental event helps establish adult abdominal anatomy?

Rotation of the digestive tract.

What happens to mesenteries when the digestive tract rotates?

They change position along with the organs.

What does the dorsal mesentery become?

Greater omentum and mesentery proper.

What does the ventral mesentery become?

Lesser omentum and falciform ligament.

What is the function of the mesentery proper?

Suspends the small intestine.

What structure connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?

Falciform ligament.

What structure connects the liver to the stomach?

Lesser omentum.

Greater Omentum

a 4 fold sheet of peritoneum that is highly vascularized, fat, and immunogenic which drapes anteriorly over the abdominal contents. Also known as the policeman of the abdomen

Lesser Omentum

a double fold of peritoneum that connects the liver to the stomach and the 1st part of duodenum and contains the portal triad in its free edge

Lesser Sac

area of abdominal cavity located posterior to stomach

Greater Sac

Broad area found throughout the abdominal cavity where organs are placed

Why is the greater omentum called the "policeman of the abdomen"?

It can migrate toward and help isolate infection.

Which omentum hangs inferiorly from the stomach?

The greater omentum.

What does the omental (epiploic) foramen connect?

The greater sac and the lesser sac.

What is the transverse mesocolon?

The mesentery that suspends the transverse colon

What does the mesentery proper suspend?

The jejunum and ileum.

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

What important structures travel through the mesentery?

Blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

What does retroperitoneal mean?

Located behind the parietal peritoneum. (Fixed in place)

Are retroperitoneal organs suspended by mesenteries?

No

Retroperitoneal Organs

pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon

What is an intraperitoneal organ?

An organ suspended by mesentery and covered by visceral peritoneum.

What is a retroperitoneal organ?

An organ located behind the parietal peritoneum.

Is the stomach intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Intraperitoneal.

Is the pancreas intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Retroperitoneal.

Are the kidneys intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Retroperitoneal.

alimentary canal

Food passes through these.

• Esophagus

• Stomach

• Duodenum

• Jejunum

• Ileum

• Colon

• Rectum

accessory

liver

gallbladder

pancreas

spleen

Filtration system

kidneys urerter, bladder

What connects the pharynx to the stomach?

The esophagus.

What opening allows the esophagus to pass through the diaphragm?

The esophageal hiatus.

What organ is immediately inferior to the esophagus?

The stomach.

Which part of the stomach receives the esophagus?

Cardia.

Which is the largest region of the stomach?

Body.

Which part empties into the duodenum?

Pylorus.

What is the dome-shaped superior part of the stomach?

Fundus.

What structure regulates the movement of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum?

The pyloric sphincter.

The pyloric sphincter is located between which two organs?

The stomach and the duodenum.

What are the three parts of the small intestine in order?

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

Which part is proximal?

Duodenum.

Which part is distal?

Ileum.

Is the duodenum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Retroperitoneal.

What shape is the duodenum?

C shaped

What organ sits inside the curve of the duodenum?

Head of the pancreas.

What secretions enter the duodenum?

Bile and pancreatic enzymes.

The appendix is attached to which structure?

The cecum.

What three structures make up the portal triad?

Hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and common bile duct.

Which lobe is more posterior, caudate or quadrate?

Caudate lobe.

What is the bare area of the liver?

A region not covered by peritoneum that contacts the diaphragm.

What duct leaves the liver?

Common Hepatic duct

Which organ produces bile?

liver

Which organ stores bile?

Gallbladder.

What duct leaves the gallbladder?

Cystic duct.

What duct carries bile to the duodenum?

common bile duct

The cystic duct and the common hepatic duct form:

common bile duct

What is the largest gland in the body?

liver

What part of the pancreas lies within the curve of the duodenum?

The head

What are the three major digestive branches of the abdominal aorta?

Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery.

Which artery supplies the foregut?

Celiac trunk.

Which artery supplies the midgut?

Superior mesenteric artery.

Which artery supplies the hindgut?

Inferior mesenteric artery.

What artery supplies the liver?

celiac trunk

What artery supplies the jejunum?

Superior mesenteric artery.

What artery supplies the descending colon?

Inferior mesenteric artery.

: Which parts of the duodenum belong to the foregut?

First and second parts.

Which parts belong to the midgut?

Third and fourth parts.

What are the three major branches of the celiac trunk?

Left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries.

Which branch supplies the liver?

Common hepatic artery.

Which artery gives rise to the ileocolic artery?

Superior mesenteric artery.

What major region is supplied by the SMA?

Midgut

Which artery supplies the sigmoid colon?

Sigmoid branches of the IMA.

Which artery supplies the superior rectum?

Superior rectal artery.

What major region does the IMA supply?

Hindgut.

What veins contribute to formation of the hepatic portal vein?

Splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein (with the inferior mesenteric typically draining into the splenic vein).

What is a portal system?

A vascular pathway in which blood passes through two capillary beds connected by a vein

Why does blood pass through the liver before returning to the heart?

To allow nutrient processing and detoxification.

TO liver:

• Hepatic artery

• Portal vein

AWAY from liver:

Bile duct

Blood enters the liver through the portal vein. How does it leave?

Hepatic veins.

Which division stimulates digestion?

Parasympathetic nervous system.