Social Studies Final Exam Flashcards

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Relative location

describing where a place is in relation to another place, instead of giving its exact coordinates or address.

Absolute location

the exact coordinates of a place using latitude and longitude.

Whats the prime meridian?

The prime meridian is the line of 0 degrees longitude.

Whats the equator?

The equator is the line of 0 degrees latitude.

Tropic of Cancer

An imaginary line around Earth located at about 23.5° north latitude.

Tropic of Capricorn

An imaginary line that circles Earth at about 23.5° south latitude.

Representative Democracy

People vote for leaders who make laws for them (like the United States).

Direct Democracy

People vote directly on laws and decisions instead of leaders doing it for them

Monarchy

A king or queen rules, usually by inheritance. Some are limited by laws (constitutional monarchy).

Dictatorship

One leader has total power.

Oligarchy

A small group of people (often wealthy or powerful) control the government.

Theocracy

A government ruled by religious leaders or based on religious laws.

Anarchy

No central government or authority; society runs without formal leadership.

Capitalism (market economy)

Businesses are privately owned, and prices are set by supply and demand with little government control.

Socialism (mixed economy)

The government and private businesses both control the economy. Government provides some services like healthcare or education.

Communism (command economy)

The government owns and controls all businesses and resources; wealth is shared equally in theory.

Primary sector

Getting raw materials from nature (farming, fishing, mining).

Secondary sector

Making products from raw materials (factories, construction).

Tertiary sector

Providing services (teachers, doctors, stores, banks).

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The total value of all goods and services a country produces in one year.

Export

Goods or services sold to other countries.

Import

Goods or services bought from other countries.

Tariff

A tax placed on imported goods to make them more expensive.

Quota

A limit on how much of a product can be imported.

Free Trade

Trade between countries without taxes (tariffs) or limits (quotas).

Globalization

Countries becoming more connected through trade, technology, and communication so the world economy works together more closely.

Urbanization

The process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in towns and cities rather than rural areas. It usually happens alongside industrialization, economic development, and modernization.