Week 3: ABGs

Ventilation, Oxygenation, Perfusion, Respiration

Ventilation: Mechanical movement of air

Oxygenation: Diffusion of oxygen into blood

Perfusion: Delivery of oxygen to tissues

Respiration: Conversion of oxygen into energy

Minute Ventilation

RR x Tidal Volume

Baroreceptors

measure Partial Pressure

Chemoreceptors

measure pH

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Gradual increases and then decreases in respirations with periods of apnea.

Signifies end-stage HF.

Biot’s Breathing

Abnormal breathing pattern with clusters of rapid respiration of equal depth and regular apneustic periods.

Signifies brainstem (medullary) pathology.

Kussmaul’s Breathing

Tachypnea and hyperpnea.

Sign of DKA.

Apneustic breathing

Prolonged inspiratory phase, prolonged expiratory phase.

Normal ABG Values

pH: 7.35 - 7.45

PaCO2: 35 - 45

HCO3: 22 - 26

PaO2: 75 - 100

_____ regulates CO2, _____ regulates HCO3.

Lungs; kidneys

Altitude Sickness =

Respiratory Alkalosis

Respiratory Acidosis Treatment

Medical Emergency - buy time via Naloxone, increase in ventilation, etc.

*Keep SpO2 below 95% at rest so that the brain keeps choosing to breathe.

Dangers of Aspirin/MiraLax

Both can cause metabolic acidosis in excess.