pharm HSPT

Pharmacology:

study of drugs and effects on body

Pharmacodynamics:

what the drug does to the body -- drugs effect

Pharmacokinetics:

how drugs move through the body

Pharmacotherapy:

how drugs are used to treat, prevent, diagnose, mitigate conditions

Toxicology:

study of harmful effects of chemicals, substances, and environmental agents on living systems

Absorption:

how drugs enters bloodstream + systemic circulation

Distribution:

movement of the drug from the bloodstream into tissues/organs

Metabolism:

biochemical transformation of drugs to influence therapeutic effects + facilitate their elimination, occurs in liver

Excretion:

removal of drugs from the body, occurs in kidneys

Therapeutic drug use

treat conditions + symptoms - Antihypertensives

Diagnostic drug use

: used in conjunction with radiology or imaging equipment, used to pinpoint the location of a disease/detect abnormality -- CT Scans

Curative drug use

remove/kill cause of disease

Replacement drug use

to replace or supplement substances that are found in the body 

Preventive drug use

“prophylactic” drugs, help individuals avoid developing diseases, the recurrence of past conditions, or manage high risk condition before they lead to a health crisis 

Pharmacological Class

based on how they act on the body/brain (Ca channel blockers)

Therapeutic Class:

based on condition they treat (antihypertensives) 

Legal Class:

based on potential for abuse/medical use (Schedule 1-5 drugs)

Trade name

= Brand name: name under which a drug is registered with the U.S Patent Office 

• Generic:

drugs official name -- lowercase

Chemical:

molecular structure + chemical components

• Local Action:

drugs acts on area where it is directly applied

Systemic Action:

drug is carried by the bloodstream to target tissues throughout the body, resulting in a widespread impact -- used ot treat conditions affecting multiple organs

• Parental:

injected - intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, intravenous 

Enteral:

drugs administered directly to gastrointestinal tract orally, rectally, feeding tubes

• Topical

non-panteral: applied to skin to treat localized issues on skin surface 

• Transdermal:

non-panteral: patch applied to skin to deliver system effects, offer slow-sustained releases of drug 

• Inhalation:

non-panteral: breathed in through mouth/nose, fast acting

• Initiation

• nonpanteral; ophthalmic and otic (eye/ear drops) 

• Side Effects:

expected, predictable, and mild secondary effects of a drug 

• Drug Interaction:

one drug interferes with another drug, either by diminishing/increasing its effects - antibiotics 

Drug Allergy:

adverse, harmful reactions related to immune response -- hives 

• Adverse Drug Effect:

unintended, harmful, undesirable effects of medication occurring at normal/excessive doses 

• Toxic Effect:

harmful, often severe reaction caused when too much of a drug accumulates in the bloodstream, exceeding the body’s tolerance - results from drug overdose, kidney/liver failure

• Liquid drugs:

been dissolved/suspended, usually in water/alcohol, can be administered orally, parenterally, or by inhalation/installation 

Solid Drugs:

pills, can be delivered orally, buccally, sublingually 

• Semi-Solid Drugs:

topical medications --ointments, lotions

S1

most potential for abuse and addiction -- LSD, marijuanna, heroin 

S2

•  high potential for abuse and addiction -- morphine, fentanyl 

S3

• mod-low potential for physical dependency, HIGH psychological dependence 

S4

• low potential for abuse and dependency 

S4

• lowest potential for abuse and dependency 

• Prescriber information:

name, address, telephone number

• Medication prescribed:

generic/brand name, strength, quantity 

• Subscription:

instructions to dispensing pharmacist, includes authorization to substitute a generic form/refill authorization

• Signa/Transcription:

patient instructions - follows abbreviation 

DEA

if controlled substances