South Asia Test

mercantilism allowed the British to?

extract significant wealth from India

British Raj:

referred to the British’s colonization empire in India

the colonization of India introduced:

english, construction of railroads, development of a civil service, caused economic prosperity, led to a deeper division between Hindus and Muslims

mercantilism:

practiced in the Americas, under this system, colonies provided raw materials that were shipped to the mother country, were processed three and then back to the colony.

Gandhi:

central figure in the struggle for Indian independence, his philosophy of ahimsa and satyagraha was the root of his leadership.

Salt March of 1930:

British gov had a monopoly on salt production and imposed a salt tax. In protest, Gandhi and his followers walked 240 miles to a coastal town to make salt. This led to civil disobediance across India.

In 1947:

gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence and civilness inspire and helped India to gain freedom in 1947.

Hindu and Muslim tension:

partition of India—>hindus fled to India and muslims—> pakistan communal riots

Kashmir:

a major Muslim region. agricultural India

Indian caste system:

Bhramins-priests, scholars, teachers. Inshatruyas- rulers, warriors, admins. Vaisyas- cattle herders, agriculture workers

Hindu Kush

a rugged mountain range that contains K2 and some of the highest peaks in the world. Additionally, the Kyber pass and Indus river originate here.

Sundarbans

The world’s largest mangrove forest, known for its wildlife and for protecting coastal areas from storms and flooding.

Brahmaputra river

a powerful river that flows year-round across the region, supplying water for communities and agriculture, though its conditions make it less suitable for hydroelectric power.

Kyber pass

a key mountain pass that has been used for centuries as a route for trade, travel, and invasions in South Asia

Nilgiri Hills

A fertile hill region within the Western Ghats, known for its cool climate and rich soil, making it ideal for growing crops like tea and coffee.

Himalayas

Home to Mount Everest, these mountains are the highest mountain range in the world and form a natural barrier separating South Asia from the rest of the continent.

Bay of Bengal

The largest bay in the world, important for trade, transportation, and influencing the region’s climate and monsoons.

Indus River Valley

a fertile region formed by river deposits that supported early civilizations, farming, and the growth of cities.

Ganges River

One of the most vital water systems in the world, it supports about 10% of the global population. Despite being one of the most polluted rivers, it remains extremely important and sacred to the Hindus.

Gangetic Plain

A vast, fertile alluvial plain formed by river deposits, known for its rich soil, heavy farming, and extremely large population.

Deccan Plateau

A large, elevated flat region in the southern portion of South Asia, rich in black soil and important for agriculture.

Indus River

A major river that flows through Pakistan and empties into the Arabian Sea, providing crucial water for irrigation, agriculture, and transportation, especially in the western part of South Asia.

The Ghats

two mountain ranges (eastern and western) that run along the edges of the Deccan Plateau and help shape the region’s climate and rainfall.

South Asia was originally led by:

the British

India has the largest _______ in the world.

Democracy

India’s 5 year plan:

a series of gov. plans focused on industrialization, most reflect on sustainable development and poverty.

India’s Economy

middle income, mixed market, 50% agriculture, modern farms, subsistence farming, Green Revolution, cottage, soft, and heavy industries, I.T, high profile global industries (ISRO), bollywood

What are the pros of the Green Revolution?

more food production, more self-sufficience, wealthy farmers

What are the cons of the Green Revolution?

more fertilizers and pesticides, uneven benefits, increased dependence where crops could fail.

India’s geography:

1.4 billion people, 72% northern, 1,145 ppl per sq m, 68% rural, pollution and overcrowding

India’s social:

Hindu and english are main languages, 80% Hindu, identity is off religion, school for 10 yrs, 76% literacy rate, STEM, gov. healthcare, 70yrs-shortage of doctors and money, cows, no meat, housing shortages, patriarchal, equal rights, henna bollywood taj mahal, big weddings

Nepal:

28 million people, Nepali, Hinduism, Gov. healthcare, democracy, agriculture ¾ workforce, terracing, rice+wheat+corn, 71 yrs, 77%, women struggle

Bhutan:

800,000, mountains, diverse, Dzongka, buddhist shrines, 5,000 monks, gov. healthcare, 72%, 74 yrs, women treated equally. constitutional monarchy, terracing, hydroelectric power

Sri Lanka:

20 mil, highest density, along the coast, Sinhalese+ Tamil, ½ Buddhist and Hindu, violence, tax-funded healthcare, 78 yrs, 92%, women are treated well, presidential republic, tea+rubber+cocont

Maldives:

300,000, 200 inhabited islands, 100 for tourism, Dhivehi, Islam 99%, 4 tier healthcare, 81 yrs, 98%, violence against women, democracy, tourism, fruits+veggies

Pakistan and Bangladesh are:

two separate nations, both mostly Islam

East Pakistan is now:

Bangladesh

West Pakistan is now:

Pakistan

Pakistan and Bangladesh are both:

democracies, Pakistan has lots of politcal issues.

Pakistan’s economy:

agricultural based, employment+ GDP, 40%, rice+cotton+sugarcane, service is ½ GDP, unequal land distribution, poverty, outdated farming, textiles+carpets+leather goods, Pakistan railway

Bangladesh’s economy:

agriculture, sharecroppers: poor people who work on farms but do not own and take care of their farm and share crops, rice, jute, waterways, aquaculture, fisheries, and seafood

Pakistan’s geography:

200 million, youthful, high fertility rates, along Indus River Vallety, 38% urban, overcrowding, lack of clean water.

Bangladesh’s geography:

most densely populated, birth rates are declining b/c educational and economical opportunities, overcrowding

Pakistan’s social:

Urdu+ Punjabi, no school, 50% academic attendance, bad healthcare+diseases, 66yrs, extended families, women in politics, Burka

Bangladesh’s social:

Bengali+English, Islam, 60%, school until 10, 72 yrs, gender gap, shahwar, bameez, sari, sammi, buddi

Shared social qualities of Bangladesh and Pakistan:

Raga, folk dances, qauwabi-devotional singing, musha iraba-public poetry, badshadie mosque, eid al fite-major festival