DH120 Theory II hw Quizzes

what hormone is produced in the pancreas?

insulin

what type of cells is insulin produced by?

beta cells

where is insulin produced?

in the pancreas

what is the function of the hormone insulin?

it acts like a key, allowing the cells in the body to take in glucose to use as energy

where does hemodialysis typically take place?

at a medical facility

how often does hemodialysis need to be done?

a few times a week

how long are hemodialysis treatments?

about 3-4 hours

what medication does type 1 diabetes receive?

insulin injections

what medication does type 2 diabetes receive?

oral medications (pills, tablets)

diabetes is a major cause of loosing an extremity due to neuropathy & vascular disease resulting in what?

limb amputation

diabetes is a leading cause of blindness called what?

retinopathy

diabetes is a leading cause of kidney damage called what?

nephropathy

diabetes is associated with pain, numbness or tingling of the mouth, face & extremities which is called what?

neuropathy

what is type 1 diabetes?

insulin deficient that occurs typically before or during puberty

what is type 2 diabetes?

insulin resistance that occurs usually before age 30 but is becoming more common in children

what is gestational diabetes?

insulin resistance first observed during a pregnancy

polydipsia

excessive thirst

polyuria

excessive urination

polyphagia

excessive ingestion of food w/ excessive hunger

what type of diabetes screening would be most beneficial for a 55 year old man who is overweight?

type 2

what is the name of the blood test that assesses blood glycemic control over the past 2-3 months?

HbA1c

unexplained weight loss w/ excessive hunger may be a sign of what?

type 1 diabetes

what is the name of the expandable metallic device used to revascularize a blood vessel?

stent

what is an elevation in arterial blood pressure?

hypertension

what is acute chest pain from decreased blood & oxygen supply to heart muscle?

angina pectoris

what are irregularities in heart development present at birth?

congenital heart disease

what are variations from a normal heart rhythm?

arrhythmia

what is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the oxygen demands of the body?

heart failure

what is no blood flow to the heart muscle, also called a heart attack?

myocardial infarction

what is a heart problem that someone is born with called?

congenital heart disease

what does the "t" stand for in the "FAST" acronym for strokes?

time

what is happening in infective endocarditis?

an infection that damages the valves of the heart

which part of the heart is considered to be the pace maker of the heart?

SA node

what class of medications used to treat hypertension may cause gingival hyperplasia?

calcium channel blockers

what is the term for the shortness of breath that occurs in heart failure when lying down?

orthopnea

the majority of hypertension (90% of cases) is what?

primary

all of the following are examples of lifestyle changes that would help improve blood pressure except one. what is the exception?

taking prescription medications

what would help improve blood pressure?

limiting dietary sodium, quitting smoking, losing weight

on average, how many years earlier do smokers die than non-smokers?

10 years

what kind of tobacco product represents the largest percentage of usage by adults in the USA?

cigarettes

what are examples of nicotine replacement product types?

nasal spray, transdermal patches, lozenges (not injections)

what is the term for bad breath, which can be caused by smoking?

halitosis

what is the name of the antidepressant that may be given for smoking cessation?

bupropion (zyban / wellbutrin)

what are the 5 A's?

ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange

which of the following would be the most effective strategy to be used as motivation for a patient to quit tobacco use?

use an intraoral camera to show the patient oral changes

which of the following statements about primary snoring is correct?

findings on an overnight sleep study are normal

what is the term for the sleep disorder that's classified as more than snoring, but not as severe as sleep apnea?

upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS)

which of the following is considered the gold standard treatment for obstructive sleep apnea?

continuous positive airway pressure

what is the 1st stage of alcoholic liver disease?

fatty liver

what is the 2nd stage of alcoholic liver disease?

alcoholic hepatitis

what is the 3rd & final stage of alcoholic liver disease?

alcoholic cirrhosis

what type of hepatitis is most concerning for healthcare professionals?

hepatitis b

what term is for the yellowing of the skin that's a sign of advanced liver disease?

jaundice

what is the term for the need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the desired effect?

tolerance

all of the following types of hepatitis have blood & bodily fluids as potential sources except for one. what is the exception?

hepatitis a

alcoholism can be associated with the bilateral, painless hypertrophy of what?

parotid glands

which of the following illicit substances can be made from over the counter medications?

methamphetamine

which of the following is considered a CNS stimulant?

cocaine

alcohol use disorders are commonly associated with damage to what organ?

liver

written consent is required for which of the following behavior management techniques?

physical restraint

what is the term for hyperpigmentation that occurs during pregnancy with exposure to sunlight?

malasma

where should a pillow be placed to best position a pregnant patient?

under right hip

early childhood caries is defined as the presence of one or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces of primary teeth under what age?

age 6

the condition caused by a fungal infection that may occur during pregnancy, also known as thrush, is called what?

candidiasis

what bacteria is most associated with dental caries?

streptococcus mutans

a younger sibling observing an older sibling have a good dental appointment is considered what behavior management technique?

modeling

at what age should children have their first dental visit?

6-12 months old

at a child's first appointment or when a child is very little, the best approach to the first appointment to applying fluoride varnish and introducing them to the dental office is what?

using the knee to knee technique

in the ADA caries risk assessment form, contributing conditions that apply to the low, moderate, or high risk include what?

sugary foods and drinks, fluoride exposure, caries experience of mother, caregiver & other siblings

if a patient presents with a productive cough, has a general blue tone to their skin, and is overweight with a sedentary lifestyle, they most likely have what?

chronic bronchitis

what medication is an immunosuppressant given after organ transplantation that is known to cause gingival hyperplasia?

cyclosporine

what medication should be avoided in a patient with asthma and a history of nasal polyps?

aspirin

which stage of cancer is indicative of metastasis?

stage IV

what is the most common intraoral location for oral cancer?

tongue

what is the name of the diffuse, non-specific erythema & ulcerations of the non-keratinized oral mucosa that can occur 7-10 days after chemotherapy or radiation?

oral mucositis

what is an example of an inherited chronic lower respiratory tract disease?

cystic fibrosis

what respiratory disease is typically acute in nature?

pneumonia

what respiratory diseases are typically chronic in nature?

asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis

in what patient population is aspiration pneumonia the biggest concern?

elderly patients

what should not be used in a patient with severe respiratory disease?

air polisher

what percentage of the population has an allergy?

15-25%

urticaria in adults is most commonly due to what?

a reaction to medication

erythema on both cheeks (called a butterfly rash) is commonly associated with what condition?

SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus)

antibiotic therapy can be effective cure for which disease?

lyme disease

in addition to salivary gland dysfunction, what else is impaired with sjögren's syndrome?

lacrimal glands

a diagnosis of fibromyalgia requires pain in all four quadrants of the body for at least how long?

3 months

what is the name of the hereditary condition of connective tissue, joints, and skeletal tissue when individuals are typically tall in stature with long, slender fingers?

marfan syndrome

the autoimmune disorder causing an overpopulation of collagen and commonly associated with raynaud's syndrome is what?

scleroderma

which type of arthritis most commonly has temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement?

rheumatoid arthritis

what is the name of the rare genetic disorder that causes blistering of the skin with slight rubbing or irritation?

epidermolysis bullosa

what are signs & symptoms of anxiety?

indigestion, palpitations, chest pain

which condition is characterized by alternating periods of mania & depression?

bipolar disorder

when is the onset of schizophrenia?

age 16-30

anorexia involves the enlargement of which gland?

parotid

what condition presents erosion on the maxillary linguals?

bulimia nervosa

what is the term for the chemical erosion that's seen in patients who suffer from bulimia?

perimylolysis

if a patient is on adderall for the treatment of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder, caution may need to be used with the use of what?

local anesthesia w/ epinephrine

which of the following conditions is associated with a decrease in acetylcholine (Ach) in the brain?

alzheimer's disease

which cranial nerve is affected with bell's palsy?

7th cranial nerve

what is the name of the dental condition that's associated with down syndrome when the roots are reduced in size and the body of the tooth is enlarged?

taurodontism