AP EURO monarchs

war of roses

house of lancaster vs york, led to dominance of tudor dynasty

henry 7th

started tudor dynasty, star chamber

henry 8th

act of supremacy, pilgrimage of grace, 6 wives

pilgrimage of grace

uprising against church of england, demand return to catholicism

edward VI

henry 8th first son, england more protestant

mary 1

restore catholicism, 2nd henry 8th child, marry phillip 2

elizabeth 1

virgin queen, defeat spanish armada, politique, last tudor

politique

prioritize state stability over rigid religious uniformity

james 1

first stuart, gunpowder plot, divine right absolutist, king james bible

charles 1

ship tax, william laud controversy, starts english civil war

ship tax

used taxes meant for coastal defense during war to raise money without parliaments help

cromwell

military dictator, navigation acts, commonwealth

charles 2

restoration, whigs vs tories, habeus corpus, royal society of london

habeus corpus

detained can challenge imprisonment before judge

James 2

last catholic monarch in england, attempt at absolutism creates glorious revolution

william and mary

english bill of rights, toleration act

english bill of rights

monarchs must rule with parliaments power

toleration act

freedom of worship to protestants, catholic rights restricted

william and mary years

1689-1702

anne

act of union, treaty of utrecth, last stuart

act of union

created great britain by joining england and scotland

treaty of utrecht

ended war of spanish sucession, economic and territorial gains

hanovers

george 1-4, william IV, victoria all german

francis 1

cocordat of bologna, valois, centralized royal authority

valois wars

fought with Charles V over parts of italy

concordat of bologna

french king had power over church

charles IX

son of catherine de medici (bartholomews day massacre)

henry 3

war of 3 henries, struggled to unify france during wars of religion

henry IV

first bourban, ended wars of religion, edict of nantes

edict of nantes

allowed protestants to practice freely

Louis XIII

richeleu prime minister, disliked hugenots, hapsburgs, nobility, 30 years war french phase

Louis XIV

fronde, colbert minister, nobles of the robe, spanish sucession, versailles, aboslutist

Ivan IV (the terrible) (late 1500s)

first russian tsar, ophchicki (secret police)

peter the great

forced westernizatio/modernization, great northern war, st. petersburg, table of ranks, holy synod

table of ranks

noble power dependent on state service, controlling boyars

holy synod

control russian orthodox church

catherine the great

enlightened despot, pugachevs rebellion, won black sea port, charter of noblility (greater power), parition of poland

pugachevs rebellion

largest peasant war in history for freeing of serfs (fails)

Charles V

hapsburg, fought lutherism, diet of worms, council of trent, peace of augsburg, schmalkaldic War, german peasant revolt

schmalkaldic War

conflict in HRE between charvles V and alliancr of lutheran cities (schmalkdic league), leads to peace of augsburg

ferdinand and isabella

inquistion, reconquista, colombus, unite aragon and castile

phillip 2

spaish armada, marries mary, battle of lepanto, dutch revolt

battle of lepanto

naval victory against ottomans

dutch revolt

william of orange leads protestant netherlands to break from catholic spain, dutch independence

charles 2 of spain

last spanish hapsburg, led to war of spanish sucession, shifts throne to bourban dynasty

charles 2 years

1665-1700

phillip V

grandson of Louis XIV, spakred spanish sucession