Ancient Greece and its Legacy

These flashcards cover vocabulary related to ancient Greek warfare, societal structures in Athens and Sparta, the rise of Alexander the Great, and cultural achievements in philosophy, science, and history.

Alliance

An agreement to work together.

Delian League

An alliance between Greek city-states where Athens was the strongest city-state.

Peloponnesian League

An alliance formed by Sparta and Southern City States who were worried Athens was becoming too strong.

Peloponnesian War

A war between Athens and Sparta to lead all of Greece that lasted for many years and ended with Spartan control.

Battle of Marathon

A battle where Darius invaded Greece at the plains of Marathon; Athens won, starting the Persian Wars.

Xerxes I

The Persian leader who tried to conquer Greece again during the second invasion.

Thermopylae

A narrow mountain pass where Spartans fought Persia; the Persians won after a Greek soldier led them through another way.

Battle of Salamis

A naval battle where the Athenian navy defeated the Persian navy by leading their large boats into a small straight where they got stuck and sunk.

Battle of Plataea

The battle where Greek soldiers defeated the Persians and ended the Persian Wars.

Spartan Citizenship

Granted to men between the ages of $30$ and $60$ who could then return home from the barracks.

Spartan Girls and Women

Received physical training to have healthy babies and had more rights than other Greek women, such as owning land.

Athenian Education

Private tutors taught boys subjects including Philosophy, Geometry, Astronomy, and Public Speaking.

King Philip II

A great military leader from Macedonia who improved military strategies and conquered Athens and the rest of Greece.

Phalanx

A military group where soldiers stood close together in a square.

Alexander the Great

The son of Philip II who built a new empire by defeating the Persians and conquering lands in Egypt, Asia Minor, and India before dying at the age of $33$.

Hellenistic

A word meaning "Greek-like" used to describe the blending of Greek culture with the cultures of conquered lands.

Thucydides

A great Greek historian who wrote a history of the Peloponnesian War.

Parthenon

The most famous Greek temple, built to showcase the beauty of ancient Greek architecture.

Socrates

One of the greatest thinkers who believed people should never stop looking for knowledge and wanted people to question their own beliefs.

Plato

A student of Socrates who created a school called the Academy and believed the ideal society is based on justice and fairness.

Aristotle

Considered the greatest Greek thinker; he believed people should live in moderation based on reason and made advances in logic.

Euclid

A mathematician interested in the study of Geometry and its rules.

Hippocrates

A great Greek doctor best known for his ideas on how doctors should behave and act.

Water Screws

An invention by Archimedes that brings water from a lower level to a higher one.