Unit 2: Anti-infectives, Vaccines, and Medications

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering pharmacology, antibiotics, suprainfections, vaccines, and urinary tract medication protocols from the Unit 2 lecture notes.

College-ruled Composition Notebook

110 pages, 7.5x9.25 in

Broad Spectrum

Kills/treats many Diff Things (exposisivin) related to sensitivity of the microorganism

Narrow Spectrum

Drug that Dosent effect a lot of bacteria; only a few bacteria will be sensitive

Bactericidal action

Antibiotic goes into body and Kills The bacteria Directly

Bacteriostatic action

Antibiotic prevents bacteria From multiplyin and slows Growth; immune System will Then kill bacteria

Cultures

Sample where antibiotics are Dropped to identify Organism; helps reduce antibiotic resistance

Suprainfections

Secondary infection caused by antibiotic eliminating Normal Flora; commonly effects people with a broad spectrum antibiotic

CDiFF Symptoms

Foul Smelling diarrhea, severe abd cramps, bloody Stool; requires Contact precautions and washing hands with soap and water

Oral Thrush

Fungal infection in mouth with white patches of plague on tongue or mouth and black furry overgrowth

Yeast infection

Vaginal pain, itching, Burning, Thick cottage Cheese Discharge

Endocarditis

Heart becomes hard Due to contact movement of blood

Abscesses

An antibiotic side effect because there is limited bloodflow

Geriatric lifespan considerations

Reduced metabolism/excretion

Pediatric lifespan considerations

Immature Kidneys/liver; prone to toxicity Due to Decreased metabolism/excretion

Anaphylaxis

Severe life threating allergic reaction

Anaphylaxis Signs/symptoms

Airway closing, SoB, wheezing, gasping, cant talk, hives, hypotension, Hr Spike, tachycardia, Blue lips, swelling

Penicillin and Cephalosporins relationship

If allergic to penicillin, avoid Cephalosporins

Disulphoric reaction

Nausea, vomiting, headache caused by avoiding alcohol with certain antibiotics

Vancomycin

Associated with 'Big ears, Big Kidneys'; indications include IV-staph or strep and PO - C.Diiff

Redman syndrome

Characterized by itching, Dizziness, and tachycardia

Tetracycline Indications

Treats Archbip; can cause GI Discomfort or esophageal Ulcers

Tetracycline Photosensitivity

Requires wearing sunglasses, protective clothing, and sunscreen

Tetracycline Hepatotoxicity signs

Check AST/Alt, jaundice, Confusion, nausea/vomiting, Clay colored stool, and abdomen Distention

Dysuria

Burning w/ Urination

Urinary frequency

Increased urination

Urinary urgency

Sudden, strong urge to urinate

Bacteriuria

Presence of bacteria

Hematuria

Blood in Urine

Vaccine mechanism

Introduce an antigen to the body; the body reacts by creating antibodies to Fight and stop the infection

Inactivated vaccines

Dead/killed or Synthetically created parts of a virus (Ex: hepatitis A, flu, polio, Rabies)

LIVE vaccines

Alive but weakened (Ex: MMR, varicella, flu nasal)

Live vaccine contraindications

Children Vode, pregnant, Older than 49, and immunocompromised (HIV, on Chemo, on Steroid Therapy)

Vastus Lateralis

Injection location of highest muscle mass for infants/toddlers from Birth-2yrs old

Deltoid

Most common injection site for Children 3 and older and Adults

Trimethoprin-Sulfamethoxazole Side Effects

Sulfa=Serious Skin and blood problems; can cause Stevens Johnson Syndrome, dyscrasias, and Crystal Uria

Nitrofurantoin

Turns everything brown/neuropathy; side effects include brown urine, GI upset, and stained teeth

Ciprofloxacin

Cipro Snaps tendons; adverse effects include achilles tendon rupture, photosensitivity, and suprainfections

Phenopyridine

Pheno paints pee orange; only for symptom relief, not an antibiotic

Isoniazid

Ino hurts nerves/liver; adverse effects include neuropathy and hepatotoxicity; avoid in liver Disease and avoid alcohol

Rifampin

RiF- Red internal fluids; causes orange urine, sweat, tears, hapatotoxicity, and psuedocolitis

1st generation Cephalosporins

cefazolin, cephalexin

2nd generation Cephalosporins

cefaclor, cefotetan

3rd generation Cephalosporins

ceftriaxone, cefotaxime

4th generation Cephalosporins

ceftoprime

5th generation Cephalosporins

ceftaraline