marine bio quiz 4

Osmosis

The movement of water molecules across a membrane. It flows from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration

Hypoosmotic

A solution that has a higher water concentration compared to another fluid or the inside of a cell.

Hyperosmotic

A solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles compared to another solution or the fluid inside a cell.

Swim bladder

an internal, gas-filled organ in most bony fish that regulates buoyancy

Lateral Line

a highly specialized sensory system unique to aquatic vertebrates that runs along the sides of their bodies. It allows them to detect vibrations, water pressure changes, and movements in their surrounding environment.

Operculum

a hard, bony flap that covers and protects the delicate gills

Epifauna

aquatic animals that live on the surface of a substrate, such as the seafloor, rocks, or vegetation

Infauna

the creatures that live in the sediment

Nektobenthos

aquatic animals that live on or just above the ocean floor

Sessile

permanently attached to a surface and unable to move

Meiofauna

microscopic invertebrates living in sediments of marine and freshwater environments

Porifera

(sponges) sessile filter feeders, processing large volumes of water to get food and oxygen,

Phylum cnidaria

phylum of aquatic invertebrates, including jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones

Phyllim ctenophora

marine invertebrates that are not true jellyfish, though they look simila

Phyllum Annelida

phylum of segmented worms, including earthworms, leeches, and marine polychaetes

Phyllum Platyhelmintes

soft-bodied invertebrates with a simple, flattened body

Phyllum Nematoda

(roundworms) phylum of worms, many of which are parasitic to animals

Phyllum mollusca

a large and diverse phylum of invertebrates that includes snails, slugs, clams, squids, and octopuses

Phyllum arthropoda

characterized by a hard exoskeleton, segmented bodies, and jointed appendages, and include insects, spiders, and crustaceans

Phyllum echinodermata

a phylum of marine invertebrates with "spiny skin," including sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, and brittle stars

Phyllum chordata

Vertibrates (fish)

Class bivalvia

a class of aquatic mollusks, commonly known as clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops

Class gastropoda

a diverse class of mollusks that includes snails, slugs, and sea slugs (nudibranchs)

Class cephalopod

a class of highly intelligent marine mollusks, including octopuses, squids, cuttlefish, and nautiluses

Class Polyplacophora

Chitons

Class crustacea

a massive, predominantly aquatic group of arthropods (subphylum Crustacea) that includes familiar animals like crabs, lobsters, shrimp, and barnacles

Class Asteroidea

Starfish

Class echinoidea

(urchins) spiny, globular marine invertebrates related to sea stars and sand dollars

Class holothuroidea

Sea cucumbers

Class polychaeta

(polychaete worms) a diverse class of segmented marine worms, also known as bristle worms

Radula

a tongue-like, chitinous ribbon covered in rows of microscopic teeth