DEN 103 Quiz 3 Study Material

Fungal-Superficial

Candida

Human Herpesvirus (HHV)

• cold sores

• hairy leukoplakia

• mono

• cancers

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

• papillomas

• verruca vulgaris

• genital warts

• cancer

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

• AIDS

Symbiotic Relationships

• commensal (mutualism)

• opportunistic

• parasitic (host suffers)

Opportunistic Relationships

• overgrowth or invasion of a normally present species due to a change in the host’s condition or environment

• usually pathogenic species are controlled by normal flora

• e.g. candidiasis, pericoronitis, NUG, actinomycosis

Candidiasis (Candidosis)

• superficial

• opportunistic

• candida albicans (65%)

What are the forms of candidiasis? (4)

• pseudomembranous

• erythematous

• median rhomboid glossitis

• angular chelitis

Diagnosis of Candidiasis

cytologic smear

Erythematous

form of candidiasis

• acute atrophic (medicine related and symptomatic)

• chronic atrophic (denture sore mouth, most common)

Most common type of chronic atrophic erythematous?

denture sore mouth

What is candidiasis the outcome of?

the outcome of an opportunistic overgrowth of candida albicans

What should you always do to a white lesion?

attempt to wipe it with a damp gauze

Pseudomebranous Candidiasis

• thrush

• when wiped the mucosa is erythematous

• burning sensation, metallic taste, itching

Acute Atrophic Candidiasis

• erythematous

• red, painful mucosa

• often caused by medication use (antibiotics, asthma inhalers)

Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis

• denture stomatitis

• most common type of candidiasis

• most common on palate and maxillary alveolar ridge

• usually asymptomatic

• treat patient and denture

Median Rhomboid Glossitis

• central papillary atrophy

• symmetric, erythematous area

• atrophy of filiform papillae

• midline posterior dorsal tongue

• erythematous candidiasis

Angular Chelitis

• erythmea or fissuring of the labial commissures

• most. commonly from candida albicans

• nutritional deficiency (vitamin B)

• can be a mixed microbial population

HHV-1

• herpes simplex (HSV)

• oral- labial, intraoral (palate/gingiva)

• herpetic whitlow (fingers)

• herpetic keratitis (eyes)

HHV3- Varicella-Zoster Virus

• chickenpox (primary)

• shingles (recurrence) unilateral

HHV4- Epstein Barr-Virus

• mono

• hairy leukoplakia

• oncovirus

HHV8

Kaposi sarcoma virus

Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis

• initial infection with herpes simplex

• perioral skin, vermillion of lips, oral mucosa

• systemic symptoms

• most commonly occurs in children ages 6months-6years

• every where in the mouth

Recurrent Herpes Simplex

• most common location is on the lips (herpes labialis)

• preceded by PRODROME

• caused by certain stimuli

• crops of vesicles

Where is most virus located?

in vesicles

Recurrent Intraoral HHV1 (HSV)

• occurs intraorally on keratinized mucosa that is attached to bone

• only on hard palate

HHV-3 varicella-zoster

• chickenpox and shingles

• respects midline

Hair Leukoplakia

• HHV4

• irregular, corrugated, white lesion

• most commonly occurring on lateral border of the tongue

• occurs most commonly in those who are immunocompromised

HPV

• more than 130 types of HPV

• low risk types (6 and 11)

• squamous papilloma

• high risk types (16 and 18)

• cervical and oropharyngeal carcinoma (cancers) 16 causes about 90%

HIV/AIDS

• transmission: bodily fluids

• latency period possible for 6 months to over a year

• virus attacks CD4 lymphocytes (t helper cells)

HIV/AIDS Treatment

• ART (anti-retroviral therapy)

• prevention (PrEP)

If a common disease is acting uncommonly..

• more severe

• more widespread

immunocompromise

If a disease is appearing on an uncommon patient..

• fungal infection on a seemingly healthy person with no reason for it

• rare cancer seen in old people appearing on a younger person

immunocompromise

If a disease is not responding to a tried-and-true treatment..

candidiasis that won’t go away

immunocompromise