The Moderns

American Ideals

Optimism and self-reliance that grew out of the frontier experience.

Three Underpinnings of American Ideals

Belief in Eden, unwavering faith in progress, confidence in the triumph of the individual.

New Eden

The concept of America as a land of beauty, unlimited resources, and endless opportunities.

American Birthright

The expectation that life will get better, fueled by trust in self and independent triumph.

Turning Points in American History

World War I and the Great Depression which caused loss of innocence and disillusionment.

Rise of Marxism and Psychoanalysis

Movement that broke down traditional values leading to new literary techniques.

Stream of Consciousness Narration

Literary technique influenced by psychoanalysis reflecting inner thoughts.

The Jazz Age

Period marked by the prohibition of alcohol and the rise of jazz culture.

Bootlegger

Those who illegally manufacture or distribute alcohol during Prohibition.

Speakeasy

Secret bars where alcohol was sold during Prohibition.

Flapper

Young women in the 1920s who wore short skirts and embraced a lifestyle viewed as outrageous.

Disillusionment

Loss of belief in the American Dream, leading to a new ideal of the American hero.

New American Hero

Literary figure characterized by action, honor, courage, and endurance.

Modern Poetry

Poetic movement post-Whitman and Dickinson characterized by symbolism and fragmented style.

Influence of T.S. Eliot and Ezra Pound

Prominent poets who utilized symbolism and imagery in modern poetry.

Robert Frost's Contribution

Maintained traditional verse while conveying themes of authenticity and human experience.