MODULE 3: Part 1

To develop awareness and sensitivity to the total environment and its allied problems.   To acquire the skills in identifying and solving environmental problems.   To provide them an opportunity for active participation or practice for the solution of environmental problems in the future.

Republic Act 10121

Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 are entitled as, “An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes”.

Republic Act 10121

defines the disaster management system in the Philippines; signed into law on May 27, 2010

Implementing Rules and Regulation (IRR) of Republic Act 10121

approved on September 27, 2010

Adaptation

the adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities.

Disaster

a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.

Disaster

can be natural or human-made

Disaster Prevention

the outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters; expresses the concept and intention to completely avoid potential adverse impacts through action taken in advance such as construction of dams or embankments that eliminate flood risks, land-use regulations that do not permit any settlement in high-risk zones, and seismic engineering designs that ensure the survival and function of a critical building in any likely earthquake.

Disaster Risk Reduction

concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposures to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events.

Early Warning System

set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened by a hazard to prepare and to act appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss.

Hazard

a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

Mitigation

structural and non-structural measures undertaken to limit the adverse impact of natural hazards, environmental degradation, and technological hazards and to ensure the ability of at-risk communities to address vulnerabilities aimed at minimizing the impact of disasters.

Preparedness

pre-disaster actions and measures being undertaken within the context of disaster risk reduction and management and are based on sound risk analysis as well as pre-disaster activities to avert or minimize loss of life and property such as, but not limited to, community organizing, training, planning, equipping, stockpiling, hazard mapping, insuring of assets, and public information and education initiatives.

Response

any concerted effort by two (2) or more agencies, public or private, to provide assistance or intervention during or immediately after a disaster to meet the life preservation and basic subsistence needs of those people affected and in the restoration of essential public activities and facilities.

Risk

the combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences

Risk Assessment

a methodology to determine the nature and extent of risk by analyzing potential hazards and evaluating existing conditions of vulnerability that together could potentially harm exposed people, property, services, livelihood and the environment on which they depend

State of Calamity

a condition involving mass casualty and/or major damages to property, disruption of means of livelihoods, roads and normal way of life of people in the affected areas as a result of the occurrence of natural or human-induced hazard

Vulnerability

the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard

Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups

those that face higher exposure to disaster risk and poverty including, but not limited to, women, children, elderly, differently-abled people, and ethnic minorities

RA 10121 Section 5

provides for the creation of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) which is formerly known as the National Disaster Coordinating Council but its membership and functions have increased to cope with complexities of disasters at present times.  

RA 10121 Section 8

stipulates that the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) shall have the primary mission of administering a comprehensive national civil defense and disaster risk reduction and management program by providing leadership in the continuous development of strategic and systematic approaches as well as measures to reduce the vulnerabilities and risks to hazards and manage the consequences of disasters.  

RA 10121 Section 10

provides for the creation of the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (RDRRMC), formerly known as Regional Disaster Coordinating Council (RDCC). RDRRMC coordinates, integrates, supervises, and evaluates the activities of the local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (LDRRMCs). The RDRRMC is responsible in ensuring disaster sensitive regional development plans, in case of emergencies; RDRRMC shall convene the different regional line agencies and concerned institutions and authorities.

RA 10121 Section 11

provides for the organization at the Local Government Level.  The Provincial, City and Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils are mandated to be organized at the local levels.  In the case of the Barangays, a Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction  and Management Committee which is mandated to be organized and shall operate under the Barangay Development Council (BDC).

RA 10121 Section 22

provides for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund.

RA 10121 Section 12

provides for the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (LDRRMO).  It is also mandated that the local government units shall establish an LDRRMO in every province, city, and municipality, and a Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee in every barangay. The LDRRMOs shall be responsible for setting the direction, development, implementation and coordination of disaster risk management programs within their territorial jurisdiction.  The LDRRMOs are permanent offices under the office of the governor, city or municipal mayor and the punong barangay (barangay captain) in case of the BDRRMC. The LDRRMOs have twenty-five (25) functions, duties and responsibilities under this law given that the local government units are the first line of defense in every disaster or emergency.  Thus, they shall act as front liners of all disaster risk reduction and management plans, programs, projects and activities.

RA 10121 Section 15

provides for the coordination during emergencies. The LDRRMCs are mandated to take the lead in preparing for, responding to and recovering from the effects of any disaster based on the following criteria:

1. Barangay Development Council - 1 Barangay Affected

2. City/Municipal DRRMC - 2 or more Barangays Affected

3. Provincial DRRMC - 2 or more Cities/Municipalities Affected

4. Regional DRRMC - 2 or more provinces affected

5. NDRRMC - 2 or more regions affected

Republic of the Philippines

Official name of the Philippines

110.40 Million

Expected population of Philippines by the end of 2020

7,641

Islands of the Philippines; located in the Western Pacific Ocean

22,550 miles (36,290 km)

Philippine coastline

120,000 sq. miles (300,000 sq. km)

Total land area of the Philippines

1,150 miles (1,850 km)

Philippine length north to south

7000 miles (1,130 km)

Philippine widest east-west extent at southern vase

Spanish, Chinese, Indo-Malayan

Cultures in Visayas

Chinese and Muslims

Predominant cultures in Mindanao

13,923,452

Estimated 2020 population of Manila

Quezon City

largest and most-populous city

over 2.9 million

2020 population of Quezon City

Malay with Chinese, American, Spanish and Arab blood, and other ethnic minorities

Filipino

Pacific Ring of Fire

location of the Philippines; area where the Philippine Sea and Eurasian Tectonic Plates meet and is prone to occurrences of earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions.

22

Out of 300 volcanoes, how many are active?

20

average number of earthquakes daily

Four thematic areas of the Philippine Disaster Management System

In accordance with the NDRRMF, through the NDRRMP, the country envisions a “Safer, adaptive and disaster resilient Filipino communities towards sustainable development.” This will be achieved through the four distinct yet mutually reinforcing priority areas, namely;

(a)Disaster Prevention and Mitigation;

(b)Disaster Preparedness;

(c)Disaster Response; and

(d)Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation.

Purpose of four priority areas

Mutually reinforce each other and are interoperable. This means that whatever we do in one aspect will have a direct or indirect effect on the activities identified under the other aspects. Furthermore, this means that it is assumed that the level of preparedness and intensity of response activities we conduct are lessened because proper prevention and mitigation activities have been done already.

Purpose of four priority areas

DO NOT, SHOULD NOT and CANNOT stand alone. Because they are inter-linked, one cannot just focus on one aspect without considering the others.

Purpose of four priority areas

Has no clear starting or ending points between each of the aspects and overlaps are to be expected. There are some areas which are divided very thinly by gray areas. These are activities which need to be smoothly integrated into two aspects.   The overlapping activities were put into the specific aspect which could better capture its essence using the lens of that specific DRRM area and to correspond to the given parameters within which these aspects focus on.   

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation 

Early warning systems

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation 

Flood forecasting and monitoring

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation 

Hazard and risk mappings

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation 

Structural and non-structural interventions

Disaster Preparedness

Contingency planning

Disaster Preparedness

Prepositioning and stock-piling

Disaster Preparedness

Capacitating and organizing responders

Disaster Preparedness

Training, drills and exercises

Disaster Preparedness

Pre-Disaster Risk Assessment

Disaster Response 

Rapid Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis (RDANA)

Disaster Response 

Issuance of advisories and situation reports

Disaster Response 

Activation of Response Clusters and Incident Command System (ICS)

Disaster Response 

Mobilization of responders

Disaster Response 

Humanitarian assistance (e.g. relief distribution)

Disaster Response 

Provision of financial assistance 

Disaster Response 

Management of evacuation centers

Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery 

Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA)

Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery 

Enhancement of policies and plans

Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery 

Reconstruction using “build back better” approach

Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery 

Resettlement

Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery 

Provision of new sources of livelihood

North Evacuation

(Caloocan, Valenzuela, QC, San Juan, Mandaluyong)

– Veterans Memorial Golf Course

– University of the Philippines (UP) Diliman

East Evacuation

(Pasig, Marikina)

– LRT-2 Santolan Depot

– Marikina Boys Town

– Red Cross Marikina

– Ultra Pasig

West Evacuation

(Manila, Malabon, Navotas)
– Intramuros Golf Course

South Evacuation

(Las Pinas, Makati, Muntinlupa, Paranaque, Pateros, Taguig, Pasay)
– Villamor Air Base Golf Course

Do not panic.

1st thing to remember during a disaster

If possible, try to help others.

2nd thing to remember during a disaster

Be prepared to stay in it for the long haul rather than getting desperate and losing hope.

3rd thing to remember during a disaster

Try to be on your own.

4th thing to remember during a disaster