essay 18 - Common surgical instruments – types, design, and principles of use.

what are surgical instruments

• two of the devices that perform such functions as cutting, Dissecting, grasping, holding, retracting will suturing. most are made from stainless steel, other metals used are; titanium, Chromium, vanadium, Molybdenum

what are the types of surgical instruments

1. cutting and dissecting instruments

2. retracting instruments

3. instruments were grass and soft tissue

4. hemostats

5. phone removing instruments

6. suturing

7. holding the mouth open

8. suction

describe cutting and dissecting instruments

• scalpels (handles and blades)

• periosteal elevator (seldin, freer, molt)

• scissors (soft tissue/ suture scissors, blunt nosed/ sharp scissors, straight/ Irish scissors)

describe the retracting instruments

1. used to provide visibility during surgery and can help protect soft tissue from sharp cutting instruments

• Seldin periosteal retractor

• Henahan periosteal retractor

• No. 9 molt periosteal elevator

• Farabeurf retractors

• Kocher-Langenbeck retractors

• the right angle austin retractor

• broad offset minnesota retractor

• Weider tongue retractor

• towel clamp

instruments for grasping soft tissue

• forceps (surgica/ wedge shaped with tooth) or (anatomic/parallel with no tooth) or (adson without tooth) or (adson with tooth)

• stilies forceps - longer than addison, designed for grasping tissue and posterior portion of mouth

• angled forceps - use for picking up four materials and placing or removing gauze/cotton packs

• allis forceps - have locking handles and several ‘teeth’ used to hold or grasp heavy tissue

hemostats

1. used to prevent excessive bleeding during surgery, it grasps blood vessels and surrounding tissue, they have locking handle and have a curved or straight lip

• mosquito

• kocher (has tooth on tip)

• pean (identify by the hole)

• Rochester - carmait (no tooth on tip)

bone removing instruments

1. bones should be removed in multiple pieces, two major designs = 1. a Side Cutting forceps (liston rongeurs). 2. side and end cutting forceps (leur-friedman/blumenthal rongeurs)

• liston rongeurs

• leur friedman

• blumenthal rongeurs

• mallet and chisel (surgical mallet, partsch monobevel chisel/ lucas chisel with concave end/ lamotte bibevel chisel)

• bone file (has small end and a large end), performs the final smoothening of bone before citrulline and cannot be used for removal of a large piece of bone

• curette - remove soft tissue from Bony defects, its angles are double ended

suturing

• needle holder - has a locking handle and a short blunt peak, fate of the peak is cross hatched to permit a positive grasp of the suture needle

• needle - 1. eye, 2. body, 3. point, needle can be straight needle, ¼ circle, 3/8 circcle, ½ circle, variable radius

holding the mouth open

• rubber bite block

• Side Action Adjustable mouth prop

suction

• used for Removing blood, saliva and saline solution from surgical field