Diseases of Oral and GI

Dental caries (Tooth decay) - causative agent

Streptococcus mutans

Dental caries (Tooth decay) - transmission

Direct contact and poor oral hygiene

Dental caries (Tooth decay) - symptoms

-Tooth pain

-visible holes

Dental caries (Tooth decay) - treatment

Fillings, fluoride, oral hygiene

Dental caries (Tooth decay) - prevention

Brushing, flossing, reduced sugar intake

Periodontal disease - causative agent

Porphyromonas spp.

Periodontal disease - transmission

Poor oral hygiene

Periodontal disease - symptoms

-Swollen

-bleeding gums

Periodontal disease - treatment

Dental cleaning and antibiotics

Periodontal disease - prevention

Brushing and routine dental visits

Staphylococcal food poisoning - causative agent

Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcal food poisoning - cause of illness

Heat-stable enterotoxin

Staphylococcal food poisoning - transmission

Contaminated food

Staphylococcal food poisoning - symptoms

-Vomiting

-nausea

-diarrhea

Staphylococcal food poisoning - treatment

Supportive care and fluids

Staphylococcal food poisoning - prevention

Safe food handling

Shigellosis (Bacillary dysentery) - causative agent

Shigella spp.

Shigellosis (Bacillary dysentery) - transmission

Fecal-oral route

Shigellosis (Bacillary dysentery) - symptoms

-Bloody diarrhea (with mucus)

-abdominal cramps

Shigellosis (Bacillary dysentery) - treatment

Antibiotics in severe cases

Shigellosis (Bacillary dysentery) - prevention

Hand hygiene and sanitation

Salmonellosis - causative agent

Salmonella enterica

Salmonellosis - transmission

Undercooked meat and eggs

Salmonellosis - symptoms

-Diarrhea

-abdominal cramps/pain

-nausea

Salmonellosis - treatment

Rehydration and supportive care

Salmonellosis - prevention

Cook food thoroughly

Typhoid fever - causative agent

Salmonella Typhi

Typhoid fever - transmission

Fecal-oral route and contaminated water

Typhoid fever - symptoms

-high fever

-diarrhea, 

-ulceration & perforation of intestinal wall

Typhoid fever - treatment

Antibiotics

Typhoid fever - prevention

Vaccination and hygiene

Cholera - causative agent

Vibrio cholerae

Cholera - transmission

Contaminated water and seafood

Cholera - symptoms

-Watery diarrhea (rice water stools)

-dehydration

-vomiting

Cholera - treatment

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and antibiotics

Cholera - prevention

Clean water and hygiene

E. coli gastroenteritis - causative agent

E. coli (EHEC, ETEC)

E. coli gastroenteritis - transmission

Contaminated food and water

E. coli gastroenteritis - symptoms

-Diarrhea (may be bloody)

-abdominal cramps

-hemorrhagic colitis

-hemolytic uremic

E. coli gastroenteritis - treatment

Supportive care and avoid antibiotics in EHEC

E. coli gastroenteritis - prevention

Food safety and hygiene

Helicobacter peptic ulcer disease - causative agent

Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter peptic ulcer disease - transmission

Person-to-person (unclear route)

Helicobacter peptic ulcer disease - symptoms

-Abdominal pain (ulcers, gastritis)

-bloating

Helicobacter peptic ulcer disease - treatment

Antibiotics and acid blockers

Helicobacter peptic ulcer disease - prevention

Possibly hygiene

Hepatitis A - causative agent

Hepatitis A virus

Hepatitis A - transmission

Fecal-oral route

Hepatitis A - symptoms

-Fatigue

-jaundice

-nausea

Hepatitis A - treatment

Supportive care

Hepatitis A - prevention

Vaccine and hygiene

Hepatitis B - causative agent

Hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis B - transmission

Blood (parental and bodily fluids) and sexual contact

Hepatitis B - symptoms

Liver damage and jaundice

Hepatitis B - treatment

Antivirals

Hepatitis B - prevention

Vaccine and avoid needle sharing

Hepatitis C - causative agent

Hepatitis C virus

Hepatitis C - transmission

Blood exposure (transfusions, IV drug use)

Hepatitis C - symptoms

Chronic infection and liver cirrhosis

Hepatitis C - treatment

Antivirals

Hepatitis C - prevention

Blood screening (no vaccine)

Viral enteritis - causative agents

Rotavirus and Norovirus

Viral enteritis - transmission

Fecal contamination of water

Viral enteritis - symptoms

Diarrhea

Viral enteritis - treatment

Supportive care

Viral enteritis - prevention

Hygiene

Mumps - causative agent

Mumps virus

Mumps - transmission

Saliva and respiratory secretions

Mumps - symptoms

Parotid gland enlargement

Mumps - treatment

Palliative/supportive care

Mumps - prevention

Avoid infection and MMR vaccination