Morality Humanities Quiz Pinson

Socrates

Believed that knowledge leads to virtue; "to know the good is to do the good." Reason should guide actions, not self-interest.

Plato

Student of Socrates: emphasized reason and justice as the foundation of morality and a well-ordered society

Glaucon (Ring of Gyges)

Argues people act morally only because of consequences; the ring shows the difference between APPEARING moral vs actually BEING moral

Moral Relativism

The idea that morality depends on culture, time, place, and situation. No universal moral truth.

Immanuel Kant (Moral Imperative)

Morality is based on universal duties and rules; actions are right if they follow a moral law (categorical imperative), regardless of outcome.

Moral Absolutism

The belief that certain actions are always right or wrong

Jeremy Bentham (Moral Mathematics / Utilitarianism)

Morality is determined by the greatest happiness for the greatest number; actions are judged by outcomes. His philosophy rooted in hedonism.

Niccolò Machiavelli

Believed rulers should act in their own interest to maintain power and stability; it is better to be feared than loved.

Thomas Hobbes

Believed humans are naturally selfish and driven by self-interest; strong government is needed to maintain order (social contract).

Adam Smith

Invisible hand theory. Advocated capitalism and laissez-faire economics; believed economic self-interest benefits society.

Morality

Principles of right and wrong behavior; how people decide what is good or bad.

Laissez-faire

An economic policy of minimal government interference, "let people do as they choose."

Altruism

Selfless concern for the well-being of others

Philosopher-King

Plato's ideal ruler: someone who governs using wisdom, reason, and knowledge of the good

John Donne (Poem Meaning)

Emphasizes human interconnectedness - what affects one person affects all ("no man is an island")

Castrati

Male singers castrated before puberty to preserve a high vocal range

Timbre (Tone-Color)

The unique quality or sound of a voice or instrument

Tone

A musical sound with a define pitch

Pitch

How high or low a sound is

Range

The span of pitches a voice or instrument can produce

Interval

The distance between two pitches

Scale

A sequence of notes that form a musical phrase

Melody

A sequence of notes that form a musical phrase

Harmony

Multiple notes played together to support a melody

Rhythm

The pattern of beats and timing in music

Resolution

When a musical phrase feels complete or settled

Texture

How many layers of sound are in music (thin vs thick)

Chord

Three or more notes played together

Major

a scale or chord that sounds bright or happy.

Minor

A scale of chord that sounds sad or dark.

Duration

The length the note is held.

Beat

The steady pulse in music.

Tempo

The speed of the beat.

Meter

The organization of beats (like 4/4 time).

Verse

A section of a song that tells a story

Chorus (Refrain)

The repeated, main part of a song.

Bridge

A contrasting section that connects parts of a song.

Instrumental

Music without vocals.

John Dowland

Renaissance composer known for emotional, melancholic lute songs

Alessandro Moreschi

Italian, last known castrato singer.

Role of Music (Aristotle)

Music has three purposes; education, emotional purification (purgation), and intellectual enjoyment.

Music in Education

Music helps character and teaches emotional discipline and moral behavior

Moral vs Immoral Music

Different melodies and modes influence emotions; some promote virtue and balance, while others encourage excess or negative behavior.