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SKIN, HAIR, GLANDS, & NAILS
Integument system is composed of
Protective barrier
Sensory provides info from outside world
Helps w/Osmotic & thermoregulation
Produces VITAMIN D3
Aids in immune response (guards from bacteria/fungi)
Integument system serves as
Entire body surface, including ANTERIOR SURFACE OF EYES and TYMPANIC Membrane
Integument system covers
Nostrils
Lips
Anus
Urethral
Vaginal
openings
Integument system intersects w/MUCOUS MEMBRANES at
Different body functions
Integument system has MULTIPLE tissue types because of
Papillary - Nourishes and supports Epidermis
Reticular - Restricts pathogens going in Epidermis, Lipid storage, Attaches to deeper skin, SENOSRY RECEPTORS detect, Blood vessels assist in THERMOREGULATION
The DERMIS layer is split into two sections the ____ and ____
Keratin
Nails and Hair both made of
Squamous Epithelium
Epidermis consists of
4 Cell types in the Epithelium
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes (produces melanin)
Merkel Cells
Langerhans Cells (Helps keep cells healthy)
THIN skin
Majority of body is covered by
THIN Skin Characteristics
Putter stratum corneum is only few cells thick
Only 4 layers (LACKS Stratum Lucidum)
0.08mm thick
Palms of Hand & Pads of Feet
Thick skin covers the
THICK Skin Characteristics
Contains 5 layers of “skin“
Stratum corneum may have 30+ layers of cells
Can be 6x thicker than THIN skin
Stratum GRANULOSUM & SPINOSUM
The only LIVING layers of the Epidermis are
Stratum BASALE Characteristics
Deepest layer of Epidermis
Single layer of cells
Large/BASAL cells dominate (undergo mitosis)
Contain MELANOCYTES
Have MERKEL cells
Found where SENSORY PERCEPTION is req (fingertips, lips, etc)
DMG ABOVE this layer is eay fix
DMG BELOW is hard fix
Stratum SPINOSUM Characteristics
Several cells thick
At deepest layer, its MITOTICALLY active
Keratinocytes have fibers (TONOFIBRILS)
Strengthen cell junctions
Melanocytes & Langerhans common
Langerhans protect against pathogens
Stratum GRANULOSUM Characteristics
Proteins
Superficial layer (cells have NUCLEUS)
Cells mass-producing KERATOHYALIN & KERATIN
Lipid producing organelles (coating)
Stratum CORNEUM Characteristics
MOST superficial layer of epidermis
Flattened dead cells w/thickened Plasma MEMBRANES (Lack NUCLEUS)
KERATINIZED layer
takes 15-30 days for cell to reach here (started from basale)
Capillary BLOOD FLOW (temporary flushing) & PIGMENTS (permanent)
Skin color results from
Carotene
Found in adipose tissue & keratinocytes
not produced by cells but from food consumed
Provides ORANGISH pigment
Melanin
From Melanocytes
Provides RED-BROWN pigment
Direction of COLLAGEN fibers
Scars form when they go AGAINST lines
Lines of Cleavage result from
Accessory Structures
Hair Follicles
Sebaceous Glands
Sweat Glands
Nails
INTERNAL Root Sheath
Produces hair at the PERIPHERY of the hair matric
EXTERNAL Root Sheath
Includes all cell layers of Superficial Epidermis
GLASSY Membrane
A thickened, specialized basal lamina
HOLOCRINE Secretion
Oil is released through
APOCRINE & ECCRINE Sweat Glands
2 Types of Sweat Gland
MYOEPITHELIAL cells
Contract/Squeeze gland to secrete
Both APOCRINE & ECCRINE Sweat glands contain
APOCRINE Sweat Glands Characteristics
Produce odorous secretion
Start during PUBERTY
May have pheromones
Released around Axillae (armpits), Areolae, Groin
ECCRINE Sweat Glands Characteristics
More common
Clear solution (sweat)
Aid in THERMOREGULATION, EXCRETION, PROTECTION
Surface Anatomy
The Study of morphology, or the general body forms is called what?
Cell Theory
All cells come from pre-existing cells
Cells are the smallest unit of function
All living things are made of cells
Skeletal System
System of the body responsible for production of Red Blood Cells
Connective Tissue
Adipose tissue (fat) is a type of
Cell Adhesion Molecules
Large areas of OPPOSING membrane are interconnected by proteins called ____
Endocrine System
Body system that controls REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENTAL growth
Apocrine Secretion
Found in mammary tissue, where the cell releases its contents through the REMOVAL of the SURFACE layers only
The NUMBER of nuclei and type of nervous control
Both Cardiac and Skeletal muscle tissue appear striated but differ in
Ans. Holocrine Secretion
Q. Type of secretion (like sebaceous glands) where ENTIRE cell RUPTURES
Hyaline Cartilage
Most common cartilage found in the Human Body