qualitative analysis chem

Carbonate test:

• add KNO3/ nitric acid

• observe effervesence

• bubble gas through limewater

• limewater turns milky

Sulfate test:

• add dilute KNO3/ nitric acid

• add Ba(NO3)2/ barium nitrate

• forms BaSO4/ barium sulfide

• white precipitate forms

Halide test:

• add AgNO3/ silver nitrate

• if cl-/chloride ions present forms AgCl white precipitate. Soluble in dilute NH3

• if br-/bromide ions present forms AgBr cream precipitate. Soluble in concentrated NH3

• if I-/iodide ions present forms AgI yellow precipitate insoluble in NH3

Ammonium test:

• add NaOH/ sodium hydroxide

• warm solution

• NH4+/ ammonium + OH-/ hydroxide forms NH3/ ammonia + H2O/ water

• NH3 has pungent smell and turns red litmus paper blue

Violet solution

Pale green solution

Pale yellow solution

Pale pink solution

Pale blue solution

Pink solution

Green precipitate

Green precipitate

Orange-brown precipitate

Pale brown precipitate

Pale blue precipitate

Dark green solution

Purple solution

Dark blue solution

Yellow solution

Blue solution

Orange solution

Yellow solution

Green solution

Purple solution

Pale pink

White precipitate

Brown solution

Brown solid