[MICROBIOLOGY] Parasitology - Part 1

d. Parasitology

A branch of biology concerned with dependence of one living organism over another organism, study of parasites.

a. Mycology

b. Bacteriology

c. Virology

d. Parasitology

Lives inside the body of the host. Presence in host connotes infection.

a. Endoparasite

b. Ectoparasite

a. Endoparasite

Lives outside the body of the host. Presence in host connotes infestation.

a. Endoparasite

b. Ectoparasite

b. Ectoparasite

Parasites attain sexual maturity.

a. Definitive host

b. Intermediate host

c. Paratenic host

d. Reservoir host

a. Definitive host

Parasites harbors the asexual or larval stage.

a. Definitive host

b. Intermediate host

c. Paratenic host

d. Reservoir host

b. Intermediate host

Parasite does not develop further to later stages but remains alive and is able to infect another susceptible host.

a. Definitive host

b. Intermediate host

c. Paratenic host

d. Reservoir host

c. Paratenic host

Allow life cycle to continue and become additional sources of human infection.

a. Definitive host

b. Intermediate host

c. Paratenic host

d. Reservoir host

d. Reservoir host

Parasites main classification:

a. Protozoan

b. Helminths

c. Both

d. None

c. Both

Protozoans.

a. Classified under Kingdom Protista

b. Unicellular eukaryotes

c. Divided into four traditional groups

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Protozoan traditional group except:

a. Flagellates

b. Amebae

c. Sporozoa

d. Ciliates

e. None

e. None

Have one or more whiplike flagella and sometimes an undulating membrane bound.

a. Flagellates

b. Amebae

c. Sporozoa

d. Ciliates

a. Flagellates

Intestinal and genitourinary flagellates:

a. Giardia

b. Trichomonas

c. Trypanosoma

d. Leishmania

e. a and b

f. c and d

e. a and b

Tissue flagellates:

a. Giardia

b. Trichomonas

c. Trypanosoma

d. Leishmania

e. a and b

f. c and d

f. c and d

Ameboid and uses pseudopods or protoplasmic flow to move.

a. Flagellates

b. Amebae

c. Sporozoa

d. Ciliates

b. Amebae

Amebae

a. Entamoeba

b. Naegleria

c. Acanthamoeba

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Amebae most common in the Philippines.

a. Entamoeba

b. Naegleria

c. Acanthamoeba

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Entamoeba - specifically Entamoeba histolytica

Amebae that can travel to the brain.

a. Entamoeba

b. Naegleria

c. Acanthamoeba

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

b. Naegleria

Undergo a complex life cycle with alternating sexual and asexual reproductive phases.

a. Flagellates

b. Amebae

c. Sporozoa

d. Ciliates

c. Sporozoa

Sporozoa human parasites except:

a. Cryptosporidium

b. Cyclospora

c. Babesia

d. Toxoplasma

e. None

e. All

Sporozoa malarial parasite.

a. Cryptosporidium

b. Cyclospora

c. Babesia

d. Toxoplasma

e. Plasmodium

f. All

e. Plasmodium

Complex protozoa bearing cilia distributed in rows or patches, with two kinds of nuclei in each cell.

a. Flagellates

b. Amebae

c. Sporozoa

d. Ciliates

d. Ciliates

Balantidium is what group of protozoan?

a. Flagellates

b. Amebae

c. Sporozoa

d. Ciliates

d. Ciliates

Helminths.

a. Worms of humans

b. Has two phyla including Nematodes and Platyhelminthes

c. Platyhelminthes is further grouped into Trematodes and Cestodes

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Round worms

a. Nematodes

b. Platyhelminthes

a. Nematodes

Flat worms

a. Nematodes

b. Platyhelminthes

b. Platyhelminthes

Flukes

a. Trematodes

b. Cestodes

a. Trematodes

Tapeworms

a. Trematodes

b. Cestodes

b. Cestodes

Intestinal Protozoan

I. Giardia lamblia

II. Entamoeba histolytica

III. Cryptosporidium hominis

IV. Cyclospora cayetanensis

V. Trichomonas vaginalis

a. I, II, III, IV, V

b. I, II, III, IV

c. II, III, IV, V

d. I, II, III

e. III, IV, V

b. I, II, III, IV - Trichomonas vaginalis is sexually transmitted

The only protozoan was found in the duodenum and jejunum discovered by Anton van Leeuwenhoek from his own feces.

a. Giardia lamblia

b. Entamoeba histolytica

c. Cryptosporidium hominis

d. Cyclospora cayetanensis

a. Giardia lamblia

Its trophozoite has a characteristic "old-man's eyeglasses" appearance and it can inhibit fat absorption.

a. Giardia lamblia

b. Entamoeba histolytica

c. Cryptosporidium hominis

d. Cyclospora cayetanensis

a. Giardia lamblia

Causes "Lenigrad's curse" characterized by steatorrhea with an odor of H2S.

a. Giardia lamblia

b. Entamoeba histolytica

c. Cryptosporidium hominis

d. Cyclospora cayetanensis

a. Giardia lamblia - disease is also known as Giardiasis or Lambliasis.

DOC for Giardia lamblia.

a. Metronidazole

b. Quinacrine

c. Furazolidone

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Metronidazole

Alternative for Giardia lamblia.

a. Metronidazole

b. Quinacrine

c. Furazolidone

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

e. b and c

It is the most common protozoan parasite of the large intestines.

a. Giardia lamblia

b. Entamoeba histolytica

c. Cryptosporidium hominis

d. Cyclospora cayetanensis

b. Entamoeba histolytica

Entamoeba histolytica forms:

Nonmotile form that predominates in non-diarrheal stool, it is usually obtained from ingestion of feces-contaminated food or water.

a. Cyst form

b. Trophozoite form

a. Cyst form

Entamoeba histolytica forms:

Motile amoeba (liberated and invasive form and growing state) that is found within the intestines and in diarrheal stools.

a. Cyst form

b. Trophozoite form

b. Trophozoite form

Causes acute intestinal amebiasis and amebic abscess of the liver.

a. Giardia lamblia

b. Entamoeba histolytica

c. Cryptosporidium hominis

d. Cyclospora cayetanensis

b. Entamoeba histolytica

Intestinal form cause amoebic dysentery and flask shaped ulcers while extra-intestinal form cause liver abscess with anchovy sauce aspirate.

a. Giardia lamblia

b. Entamoeba histolytica

c. Cryptosporidium hominis

d. Cyclospora cayetanensis

b. Entamoeba histolytica

A person infected will be a carrier for life.

a. Giardia lamblia

b. Entamoeba histolytica

c. Cryptosporidium hominis

d. Cyclospora cayetanensis

b. Entamoeba histolytica

Asymptomatic treatment for Entamoeba histolytica specifically luminal amoebicides except:

a. Diloxanide furoate

b. Iodoquinol

c. Paromomycin sulfate

d. Metronidazole

e. None

d. Metronidazole - this is for symptomatic treatment

Symptomatic treatment for Entamoeba histolytica specifically tissue amoebicides.

a. Diloxanide

b. Iodoquinol

c. Paromomycin

d. Metronidazole

d. Metronidazole

Specifically for amoebic liver abscess.

a. Diloxanide

b. Iodoquinol

c. Paromomycin

d. Metronidazole

e. Chloroquine

e. Chloroquine

Causes Cryptosporidiosis.

a. Giardiasis lamblia

b. Entamoeba histolytica

c. Cryptosporidium hominis

d. Cyclospora cayetanensis

c. Cryptosporidium hominis

Treatment for Cryptosporidium hominis.

a. Metronidazole

b. Paromomycin

c. Cotrimoxazole

d. Diloxanide

e. Iodoquinol

b. Paromomycin

Causes Cyclosporiasis.

a. Giardiasis lamblia

b. Entamoeba histolytica

c. Cryptosporidium hominis

d. Cyclospora cayetanensis

d. Cyclospora cayetanensis

Treatment for Cyclospora cayetanensis.

a. Metronidazole

b. Paromomycin

c. Cotrimoxazole

d. Diloxanide

e. Iodoquinol

c. Cotrimoxazole

Sexually transmitted protozoan.

a. Giardiasis lamblia

b. Entamoeba histolytica

c. Cryptosporidium hominis

d. Cyclospora cayetanensis

e. Trichomonas vaginalis

e. Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomonas vaginalis.

a. A urogenital protozoan

b. Affect both males and females

c. Trichomoniasis

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

DOC for Trichomonas vaginalis.

a. Metronidazole

b. Paromomycin

c. Cotrimoxazole

d. Diloxanide

e. Iodoquinol

a. Metronidazole - mechanical protection such as condom is for prevention

Blood and tissue protozoans.

I. Trypanosoma Species

II. Leishmania Species

III. Free-Living Amebae

IV. Palsmodium Species

V. Babesia microti

VI. Toxoplasma gondii

VII. Microsporidia

VIII. Balantidium coli

a. I, II, III, IV, V ,VI, VII, VIII

b. I, II, III, IV, V ,VI, VII

c. II, III, IV, V ,VI, VII, VIII

d. I, II, III, IV, V ,VI

e. III, IV, V ,VI, VII, VIII

f. I, II, III, VII, VIII

a. I, II, III, IV, V ,VI, VII, VIII

Causes trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness.

a. Trypanosoma Species

b. Leishmania Species

c. Free-Living Amebae

d. Palsmodium Species

a. Trypanosoma Species

Trypanosoma Species:

Causes the Chagas' disease or American sleeping sickness and transmitted by the kissing bug (Triatoma).

a. Trypanosoma cruzi

b. Trypanosoma brucei

a. Trypanosoma cruzi

DOC for Trypanosoma cruzi.

a. Nifurtimox

b. Suramin sodium

c. Sodium stibugluconate

d. Amphotericin B

e. Chloroquine

a. Nifurtimox

Trypanosoma Species:

Causes the African sleeping sickness

a. Trypanosoma cruzi

b. Trypanosoma brucei

b. Trypanosoma brucei

DOC for Trypanosoma brucei.

a. Pentamidine

b. Suramin sodium

c. Melarsoprol

d. a and b

e. a and c

f. All

b. Suramin sodium

Alternative treatment for Trypanosoma brucei.

a. Pentamidine

b. Suramin sodium

c. Melarsoprol

d. a and b

e. a and c

f. All

e. a and c

Trypanosoma brucei subspecie:

West and Central African trypanosomiasis

a. T.b. gambiense

b. T.b. rhodesiense

a. T.b. gambiense

Trypanosoma brucei subspecie:

East and South African trypanosomiasis

a. T.b. gambiense

b. T.b. rhodesiense

b. T.b. rhodesiense

Causes zoonoses and transmitted by a vector "sand fly" of the genus Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia.

a. Trypanosoma Species

b. Leishmania Species

c. Free-Living Amebae

d. Palsmodium Species

b. Leishmania Species

Leishmania subspecies:

Causes Visceral leishmaniasis or Kala azar as it usually affects visceral organs (liver, spleen, and bone marrow).

a. Leishmania donovani

b. Leishmania tropica/major/mexicana

c. Leishmania braziliensis

a. Leishmania donovani

DOC for Leishmania donovani.

a. Nifurtimox

b. Suramin sodium

c. Sodium stibugluconate

d. Amphotericin B

e. Chloroquine

f. Pentamidine

c. Sodium stibugluconate

Leishmania subspecies:

Causes cutaneous leishmaniasis/oriental sore/Delhi boil affecting the lymphoid tissues of the skin.

a. Leishmania donovani

b. Leishmania tropica/major/mexicana

c. Leishmania braziliensis

b. Leishmania tropica/major/mexicana

DOC for Leishmania tropica/major/mexicana.

a. Nifurtimox

b. Suramin sodium

c. Sodium stibugluconate

d. Amphotericin B

e. Chloroquine

f. Pentamidine

c. Sodium stibugluconate

Leishmania subspecies:

Causes mucocutaneous/nasopharyngeal leishmaniasis or espundia affecting the lymphoid tissues of the skin and mucous membrane.

a. Leishmania donovani

b. Leishmania tropica/major/mexicana

c. Leishmania braziliensis

c. Leishmania braziliensis

DOC for Leishmania braziliensis.

a. Nifurtimox

b. Suramin sodium

c. Sodium stibugluconate

d. Amphotericin B

e. Chloroquine

f. Pentamidine

c. Sodium stibugluconate

Causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) and granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE).

a. Trypanosoma Species

b. Leishmania Species

c. Free-Living Amebae

d. Palsmodium Species

c. Free-Living Amebae

Free-Living Amebae members

a. Naegleria fowleri

b. Acanthamoeba castellanii

c. Balamuthia mandrillaris

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Treatment for Free-Living Amebae.

a. Nifurtimox

b. Suramin sodium

c. Sodium stibugluconate

d. Amphotericin B

e. Chloroquine

f. Pentamidine

d. Amphotericin B

Sporozoans that do not possess any organs for locomotion and life cycle is composed of sexual and asexual stages.

a. Trypanosoma Species

b. Leishmania Species

c. Free-Living Amebae

d. Palsmodium Species

d. Palsmodium Species

Palsmodium specie lice cycle:

Involves sporogony, usually happens in mosquitoes which are the definitive host of the parasite.

a. Sexual stage

b. Asexual stage

a. Sexual stage

Palsmodium specie lice cycle:

Involves schizogony and gametogony, usually occurs in humans which are the intermediate host of the parasite.

a. Sexual stage

b. Asexual stage

b. Asexual stage

Definitive host for plasmodium is the female

a. Anopheles mosquito

b. Asian tiger mosquito

c. Aedes mosquito

d. Marsh mosquito

a. Anopheles mosquito

Sporozoan cycle:

1- Introduction of "sporozoites" into the blood of human.

2- Exoerythrocytic phase: sporozoites are taken up by hepatocytes (liver) and differentiated to merozoites.

3- Merozoites are released from the liver cells and infect red blood cells.

4- Erythrocytic stage: merozoites mature into trophozoites.

5- Trophozoites replicate and cause the lysis of RBCs, form schizonts, and form gametocytes

6- Gametocyte-containing RBCs are ingested by the female Anopheles and converted into one macrogamete and 8 microgametes.

7- The macrogamete and microgamete undergo fertilization forming the "zygote" into ookinete into oocyte then to sporozoite and migrate to the salivary glands and ready to complete a new cycle.

a. 2133657

b. 1234657

c. 2134567

d. 1234567

d. 1234567

Latent merozoites in the liver responsible for causing relapses seen with P. vivax and P. ovale malaria.

a. Sporozoites

b. Hypnozoites

c. Merozoites

d. Trophozoites

b. Hypnozoites

Male gametocytes formed by trophozoites.

a. Microgametocyte

b. Macrogametocyte

a. Microgametocyte

Female gametocytes formed by trophozoites.

a. Microgametocyte

b. Macrogametocyte

b. Macrogametocyte

Plasmodium species except:

a. Plasmodium vivax

b. Plasmodium falciparum

c. Plasmodium ovale

d. Plasmodium knowlesii

e. Plasmodium malariae

f. None

f. None

Most pathogenic plasmodium specie.

a. Plasmodium vivax

b. Plasmodium falciparum

c. Plasmodium ovale

d. Plasmodium knowlesii

e. Plasmodium malariae

b. Plasmodium falciparum

Causes malaria which is abrupt onset of fever and chills with headache, myalgias and arthralgias; fever spikes (41C or more), drenching sweats, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and anemia.

a. Plasmodium vivax

b. Plasmodium falciparum

c. Plasmodium ovale

d. Plasmodium knowlesii

e. Plasmodium malariae

e. Plasmodium malariae

Tertian malaria wherein fever occurs every after 48hours include the following except:

a. Plasmodium vivax

b. Plasmodium falciparum

c. Plasmodium ovale

d. Plasmodium malariae

e. None

d. Plasmodium malariae - this is quartan

Quartan malaria wherein fever occurs every after 72 hours.

a. Plasmodium vivax

b. Plasmodium falciparum

c. Plasmodium ovale

d. Plasmodium malariae

e. None

d. Plasmodium malariae

Benign malaria except:

a. Plasmodium vivax

b. Plasmodium falciparum

c. Plasmodium ovale

d. Plasmodium malariae

e. None

b. Plasmodium falciparum

May cause cerebral malaria.

a. Plasmodium vivax

b. Plasmodium falciparum

c. Plasmodium ovale

d. Plasmodium malariae

e. None

b. Plasmodium falciparum

Affect all RBCs.

a. Plasmodium vivax

b. Plasmodium falciparum

c. Plasmodium ovale

d. Plasmodium malariae

e. a and b

f. b and c

b. Plasmodium falciparum

Affect old RBCs.

a. Plasmodium vivax

b. Plasmodium falciparum

c. Plasmodium ovale

d. Plasmodium malariae

e. a and b

f. b and c

d. Plasmodium malariae

Affect young RBCs.

a. Plasmodium vivax

b. Plasmodium falciparum

c. Plasmodium ovale

d. Plasmodium malariae

e. a and b

f. b and c

f. b and c

Plasmodium falciparum

Plasmodium ovale

DOC for Plasmodium malariae.

a. Chloroquine

b. Quinine

c. Primaquine

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Chloroquine

Used for erythrocytic stage.

a. Chloroquine

b. Quinine

c. Primaquine

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

d. a and b

Used for exoerythrocytic stage.

a. Chloroquine

b. Quinine

c. Primaquine

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

c. Primaquine

Used for gametogony stage.

a. Chloroquine

b. Quinine

c. Primaquine

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

e. b and c

Prophylaxis for malaria.

a. Chloroquine

b. Quinine

c. Primaquine

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Chloroquine

Used for drug-resistant malaria except:

a. Quinine

b. Fansidar (pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine)

c. Clindamycin

d. Tetracycline

e. None

e. None

Radical cure of malaria.

a. Chloroquine

b. Quinine

c. Primaquine

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

c. Primaquine

Patients resistant to malaria.

a. Sickle-cell anemia because they have defective RBC

b. G6PD deficiency because they have have defective RBC

c. Black people because they lack "duffy antigen" which serves as the point of attachment of Plasmodium in the RBC

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

A blood sporozoan and animal parasite causing "babesiosis".

a. Babesia microti

b. Toxoplasma gondii

c. Microsporidia

d. Balantidium coli

a. Babesia microti

Definitive host is cat and causes congenital or postnatal toxoplasmosis.

a. Babesia microti

b. Toxoplasma gondii

c. Microsporidia

d. Balantidium coli

b. Toxoplasma gondii

Treatment for Toxoplasma gondii

a. Chloroquine

b. Sulfadiazine

c. Pyrimethamine

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Opportunistic parasites usually associated with Cryptosporidium infections among AIDS patients.

a. Babesia microti

b. Toxoplasma gondii

c. Microsporidia

d. Balantidium coli

c. Microsporidia

Microsporidia that causes ocular infections.

a. Encephalitozoon hellum

b. Vittaforma cornea

c. Nosema ocularum

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Microsporidia that causes intestinal infections except:

a. Enterocytozoon cuniculi

b. Pleistophora sp.

c. Bracheola vesicularam

d. Nosema algerae

e. Trachipleistophora hominis

f. None

f. None