AP World- Unit 9 Globalization Box Notes 17-35

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

established the World Trade Organization, settles international trade disputes (1995)

European Union

example of a regional trade agreement in Europe

NAFTA (USMCA)

Canada, Mexico, US – free trade zone (1994) (new version known as USMCA as of 2020)

ASEAN

Southeast Asian nations – like NAFTA (1967)

MERCOSAUR

Latin American free trade zone – Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Columbia – 1991

Ronald Reagan

United States government began encouraging free marketing policies under him

Margaret Thatcher

British government began encouraging free marketing policies under her

Deng Xiaoping

Chinese government began encouraging free marketing policies under him

Pinochet

Chilean government began encouraging free marketing policies under him

International Monetary Fund

1945 – Bretton Woods Conference (29 member nations) – 188 nations working together to improve the world economy

World Bank

Coordinates financial goals internationally

World Trade Organization

Established by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – settles international trade disputes (1995)

Royal Dutch Shell

Shell gas (Netherlands, London, UK) 1907

Coca-Cola

(1892) - multinational corporation

Sony

(1946) - multinational corporation

Greenpeace

(1972) - protested the inequality of environmental and economic consequences of global integration

Green Belt

Kenya (1977) - Professor Wangari Manthai – encouraged women to work together to grow seedlings and plant trees; store rainwater

Earth Day

(1970) - Founded by Senator Gaylord Nelson as an environmental teach-in

White Australia Policy

was ended as the notion of human rights gained traction throughout the world

UN Declaration of Rights

(1948) – specifies the responsibility of nations to prevent crimes against humanity

Xenophobia

exclusionary reaction along with race riots- dislike for people from other countries

Hare Krishna

Worship of Radha-Krishna – form of altered Hinduism

Falun Gong

founded by Li Hangzhi – meditation and discipline, application of religion to political issues, fundamentalist movements

Liberation theology

‘50s and ‘60s – interpretation of Jesus in relation to unjust political, economic, and social realities – accusations of Marxist concepts – Vatican declared it a sin

Wangari Manthai

professor in Kenya who encouraged women to work together to grow seedlings and plant trees to store rainwater as part of the 1977 Green Belt

Gaylord Nelson

senator who founded Earth Day in 1970 as an environmental teach-in

Negritude

French literary movement argued that precolonial Africa was superior to post colonial Africa

Radha-Krishna

form of altered Hinduism

Li Hangzhi

founded Falun Gong

World Cup Soccer

championship tournament for football (soccer) teams around the world (sports were more widely practiced and reflected national and social aspirations)

The Olympics

international sports competition involving thousands of athletes competing in various sports (sports were more widely practiced and reflected national and social aspirations)

Cricket

bat-and-ball team sport played around the world (sports were more widely practiced and reflected national and social aspirations)

Reggae

music genre that originated in Jamaica, became enjoyed globally (changes in communication and transportation technology enabled the widespread diffusion of music and film)

Bollywood

India's Hindi-language film industry that has attracted international attention and acclaim (changes in communication and transportation technology enabled the widespread diffusion of music and film)

Alibaba

one of the world's largest retailers and e-commerce companies (has enabled online commerce)

Ebay

American multinational e-commerce company (has enabled online commerce)

Toyota

Japanese automotive manufacturer (global brand)

Coca-Cola

American multinational beverage corporation (global brand)

Anti-IMF Activism

response to economic globalization - protested against unfair International Monetary Fund and World Bank

Weibo

locally developed social media in China - advent of Anti-IMF and anti-World Bank activism

The League of Nations

first intergovernmental organization created after World War I (1920) to maintain world peace through diplomacy and collective security (new international organization)

The United Nations

international organization founded in 1945 following WWII (new international organization)

The International Tribunal Court

1945 – “Crimes Against Humanity” – established after Nuremberg (new international organization)

The International Monetary Fund

1945 – Bretton Woods Conference (29 member nations) – 188 nations working together to improve the world economy

World Bank

Coordinates financial goals internationally

World Trade Organization

Established by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – settles international trade disputes (1995)

UNICEF

NGO - 1946

The Red Cross

NGO - 1881

Amnesty International

NGO – political human rights abuses – 1961

Doctors Without Borders

NGO – 1971

World Health Organization

NGO - 1948