his test 20

This Swedish chemist established the Nobel Peace Prize to recognize men and women whose accomplishments furthered the cause of peace.

Nobel

An American steel manufacturer who donated funds to build the Peace Palace at The Hague.

Carnegie

who founded the Red Cross

Dunant

The system of alliances that Bismarck created to keep Germany safe from French attack.

Bismarck's System

Unbridled nationalism

Chauvinism

The first alliance that Bismarck established by which Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia made vague promises of mutual aid in the event that war broke out with France or the Ottoman Empire

Three Emperors' League

The alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary pledging mutual aid if Russia attacked one of them. The foundation of German foreign policy

Dual Alliance

Brought Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy together in an anti-French coalition

Triple Alliance

When was Three Emperors' League

1873

When was Dual Alliance

1879

When was Triple Alliance

1882

When was Reinsurance Treaty

1887

Young, impulsive kaiser (emperor) of Germany. He was a proud arrogant man who resented the domination of Bismarck in German affairs.

Wilhelm II

Germany's secret alliance with Russian.

Reinsurance Treaty

A "friendly understanding" between Britain and France

Entente Cordiale

When was Entente Cordiale

1904

Alliance between Britain, France, and Russia

Triple Entente

This Archduke, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, was assassinated while visiting Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia on this date

Francis Ferdinand

When did Francis Ferdinand assassinated

June 28, 1914

“Powder keg of europe”

Balkans

Alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary at the beginning of WWI

Central Powers

German generals acted upon this and decided to put most of their forces in the west and attack France first

Schlieffen Plan

Under this General's leadership, the German armies defeated the Russians

Hindenburg

A situation in which both sides were at a standstill

Stalemate

War in the east

Russia

War in the west

Frence

Which country joined the Central powers and helped conquer Serbia

Bulgarians

A war in which both sides try to wear each other down gradually.

Attrition

Long, slender airships similar to modern blimps

Zeppelins

German submarines

U-boats

Known as the Red Baron

Richthofen

British liner that left New York for Liverpool, England

Lusitania

Deeply affected the civilian population

Total War

The sinking of all ships, even if they are unarmed, that carried supplies to the allies

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

The last Czar

Nicholas II

This effectively took Russia out of the war and gave Lenin time to consolidate his power

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

When was Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

1918

Addressed a joint session of Congress and called for a declaration of war against Germany

Woodrow Wilson

This U.S. president was a dominant leader who largely determined the character and content of the treaties at the Paris Peace Conference.

Woodrow Wilson

Under the leadership of this general, the American Expeditionary Force provided the necessary edge to defeat the Germans at last.

John J. "Black Jack" Pershing

Under this General, the Allies stopped the German advance

Foch

A temporary cessation of fighting

Armistice

When was German and Allied officials met in a railroad car in the Compiegne Forest in France and signed the armistice ending World War I

November 11, 1918

Displayed such courage that the U.S. military awarded him the Congressional Medal of Honor.

Sgt. Alvin C. York

Seventy delegates representing 32 nations met to negotiate the peace settlement for World War I.

Paris Peace Conference

When was Paris Peace Conference

January 1919

The dominant leaders at the cinderence

Wilson, Clemenceau, George, Orlando

“Old tiger”

Clemenceau

Wilson's moderate settlement which would not seek revenge upon the defeated powers

Fourteen Points

The treaty between the Allies and Germany

Treaty of Versailles

When was Treaty of Versailles

1919

Payment for war damages

Reparations

This placed the entire blame for the war upon Germany and her allies

War Guilt Clause

Austria signed this, in which she turned over territory to Italy and recognized the independence of Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and Yugoslavia

Treaty of St. Germain

Political unification

Anschluss

This dismantled the Ottoman Empire

Treaty of Severes

Territories technically under the control of the League of Nations but administered by various Allied countries

Mandates

An international organization in which nations could discuss their differences instead of fighting about them

League of Nations

This American banker formed a committee in 1924 to find a solution to Germany's financial problems

Charles Dawes

This American lawyer devised another plan that reduced the amount of reparations and gave Germany until 1988 to complete her payments

Young

Suspension

Moratorium

Britain and France failed to pay these to the United States

War Debts

This seemed to hold the promise of peace in Europe. Gave Europeans a false sense of security for several years.

Locarno Pact

The great naval powers--Britain, the United States, Japan, and others--agreed to limit the number of warships each could build

Washington Naval Conference

This document sought to unite "the civilized nations of the world in a common renunciation of war as an instrument of their national policy”

Kellogg-Briand Pact