Med. Term. Chapter 11 - The Urinary System

albumin/o

albumin (a protein)

blast/o

germ, bud, developing cell

glomerul/o

little ball, glomerulus

gluc/o, glyc/o, glycos/o

sweet, sugar

meat/o

opening, passage

nephr/o

kidney

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ren/o

kidney

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

ur/o, urin/o

urine

urinary system

functions as the sanitation engineer of the body maintaining the purity and health of the body’s fluids by removing unwanted waste materials and recycling other materials

kidneys

filter fluids from the bloodstream, removing metabolic wastes and excretes them as urine

mucous membrane

protective layer in the uriniary system

urology (ur/o/logy)

the surgical treatment of urinary disease

nephrology (nephr/o/logy)

field that specializes in the treatment of kidney disease

dia-

through

poly-

excessive, over, many

azot/o

urea, nitrogen

bacteri/o

bacteria

ket/o, ketone/o

ketone

noct/o

night

olig/o

few in number

py/o

pus

-uresis

urination

albuminuria (albumin/uria)

preseince of the protein albumin in the urine

anuria (an/uria)

inability to pass urine

azotemia (azot/emia)

high levels of urea and nitrogen containing compounds in the blood

bacteriuria (bacteri/uria)

bacteria in the urine

diuresis (di/ureiss)

excessive discharge of urine

dysuria (dys/uria)

difficulty or pain experienced during urination

glycosuria (glycos/uria)

presence of glucose in the blood

hematuria (hemat/uria)

abnormal presence of blood in the urine

ketonuria (keton/uria)

abnormal presence of ketone bodies in the urine

nocturia (noct/uria)

need to urinate frequenty at night

oliguria (olig/uria)

reduced urination

polyuria (poly/uria)

chronic, abnormal production of urine

proteinuria (protein/uria)

presence of protein in the urine

pyuria (py/uria)

presence of pus in the urine

epi-

upon, over, above, on top

cyst/o

bladder, sac

spadias/o

rip, tear

acute kidney injury (AKI)

rapid-onset disease of the kidneys resulting in failure to produce urine

cystitis (cyst/itis)

inflammation of of the urinary bladder

cystocele (cyst/o/cele)

herniation of the urinary bladder

cystolith (cyst/o/lith)

a stone in the urinary bladder

end stage kidney disease (renal failure)

failure of both kidneys to form urine from any cause

enuresis (en/uresis)

involuntary release of urine

epispadias (epi/spadias)

a congenital defect resulting in the abnormal positioning of the urinary meatus

glomerulonephritis (glomerul/o/nerphr/itis)

inflammation of the glomerulus

hydronephrosis (hyrd/o/nephr/osis)

back up of urine in the kidney causing distension of the renal pelvis

incotinence

inability to control urination

nerphritis (nephr/itis)

inflammation of the kidney

nephroblastoma (nephr/o/blast/oma)

a tumor originating from kidney tissue that includes developing embryonic cells

nephrolithiasis (neph/r/o/lith/iasis)

th epresence of one or more stones within a kidney

nephroma (nephr/oma)

a tumor arising from kidney tissue

nephromegaly (nephr/o/megaly)

abnormal enlargement of one or both kidneys

nephropathy (nephr/o/pathy)

disease of the kidney

nephroptosis (nephr/o/ptosis)

condition of downward displacement of a kidney

polycystic kidney disease

kidney condition characterized by the presence of numerous cysts

pyelitis (pyel/itis)

inflammation of the renal pelvis

pyelonephritis (pyel/nephr/itis)

inflammatory condition of one or both kidneys

strictures

a condition of abnormal narrowing

uremia (ur/emia)

excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes are present in the blood

ureteritis (ureter/itis)

inflammation of the ureter

ureterocele (ureter/o/cele)

hernated ureter

ureterolithiasis (ureter/o/lith/iasis)

the presence of one or more stones within a ureter

urinary retention

abnormal accumulation of urine within the urinary bladder

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

infection of urinary organs (typically the urethra and urinarry bladder)

-tripsy

surgical crushing

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

lab test that measures urea concentration as an indicator of kidney testing

creatinine

protein component of urine and a by-product of muscle metabolism

cystectomy (cyst/ectomy)

surgical removal of the bladder

cystogram (cyst/o/gram)

x-ray image of the urinary bladdy

cystolithotomy (cyst/o/lith/o/tomy)

an incision is made through the urinary bladder wall to remove a stone

cystoplasy (cyst/o/plasty)

surgical repair of the urinary bladder

cystorrhapy (cyst/o/rrhaphy)

suturing of the urinary bladder

cystoscopy (cyst/o/scopy)

a procedure using a modified endoscope to view the interior of the urinary bladder

cystostomy (cyst/o/stomy)

surgical creation of an artificial opening into the urinary bladder

cystotomy (cyst/o/tomy)

an incision through the urinary bladder wall

fulguration

surgical procedure that destroys living tissue wiht an electric current

hemodialysis (hem/o/dia/lysis)

procedure that pushes a patient’s blood through permeable membranes within an instrument.

lithotripsy (lith/o/tripsy)

surgical crushing of kidney stones

nephroectomy (nephr/ectomy)

surgical removal of the kidney

nerphrogram (nephr/o/gram)

xray technique producing an image of the kidney after the injection of a contrast medium

nephrolysis (nephr/o/lysis)

surgical procedure during which abnormal adhesions are removed from a kidney

nephropexy (nephr/o/pexy)

surgical fixation of a kidney

nephroscopy (nephr/o/scopy)

process of viewing the inside of the kidney’s interior

nephrosonography (nephr/o/son/o/graphy)

an ultrasound of the kidney

nephrostomy (nephr/o/stomy)

surgical creation of an opening through thebosy wall and into a kidney

nephrotomogram (nephr/o/tom/o/graphy)

recording process of cut kidney

peritoneal dialysis

processes fluids and electrolytes by artificial filtration as a cleansing treatment to compensate for kidney failure

pyelogram

an x-ray image of the renal pelvis

pyelolithotomy (pyel/o/lith/o/tomy)

surgery to remove stones from the renal pelvis

pyeloplasty (pyel/o/plasty)

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

renography (ren/o/graphy)

an examination that uses nuclear medicine by IV injection of radioactive matrial into the patient’s kidneys

ureterectomy (ureter/ectomy)

surgical removal of a ureter

urethropexy (urethr/o/pexy)

surgical fixation of the urethra

urethroplasy (urethr/o/plasty)

surgical repair of the urethra

urinary endoscopy

use of an endoscope to observe internal structures of the urinary system