Topic 17: Vertebrate systems development-4 Excretory System

Both the excretory and reproductive systems are derived from ( )

intermediate mesoderm

Because the excretory and reproductive system are derived from ( ) therefore they are ( )

intermediate mesoderm

primitively segmental

The reproductive system and excretory system are primitively segmental because they are derived from intermediate mesoderm, why is this?

Intermediate mesoderm itself is organized into segmental (repeating) patterns early on and therefore anything derived from it initially inherits that segmental organization

T or F: Most preconceived notions about the kidneys, their shape, and origin are colored by the amphibian condition

false

mammalian

Primitively/ initially, there is an intermediate mesoderm segment, and thus kidney segment for every ( ). Few vertebrates still retain such a ( )

body segment

(long) kidney

Those vertebrates that retain the entire kidney derived from every body segment are said to have a ( ), or ( ) kidney

holonephros

“holonephric” kidney

Holonephros is the ( )

whole body kidney

The ( ) is the permanent kidney in mammals, whereas the ( ) serves as the temporary kidney during embryonic development

metanephros

mesonephros

The ( ) is the functional adult kidney found in lampreys, most fishes and amphibians

opistonephros

kidney types by region/name

yuhh

The intermediate mesoderm is not ( ). It is plastered against the body wall, with peritoneum on only one side, and with ( ) bounding the external/lateral surfaces.

intraperitoneal

body wall

What does intraperitoneal mean?

An organ that is nearly completely surrounded by peritoneum, but not inside the peritoneal cavity

In a closeup of the regions that development takes place, the ( ) and the ( ) are very close together, because of this there will be a battle for possession of their ( ).

genital ridge

nephric ridge

ducts

in mammalian males, the ( ) wins out the battle for the ducts

reproductive system

What is the genital ridge?

where gonads will develop

what is the nephric ridge?

where kidneys will develop

okie

The excretory/reproductive systems are in a ( ) position

retroperitoneal

What does retroperitoneal mean?

situated or occurring behind the peritoneum

Only the most primitive remaining vertebrates have a ( )

holonephros

The cranial-most part of the kidney, the ( ) develops first but is subsequently ( ). However, it is critically important, because it induces ( ).

pronephros

lost

the development of the more caudal segments of the kidney

The remaining portion of the kidney, not including pronephros, is the ( ). This is found in many ( ) and some ( )

opistonephros

fishes

amphibians

qoah

Very soon after conception, ( ) segments do appear, but only in a ( ) manner.

cervical (spine)

transitionary

T or F: The amniote pronephros has excretory function

false, it has no excretory function

Tor F: The amniote pronephros has no inductive/developmental function

false, it does have an inductive/developmental function

The ( ), stimulates the development of the middle kidney or ( ). The duct then becomes the ( )

archinephric duct

mesonephros

mesonephric duct

The function of the mesonephros is debated. Some feel it is the ( ), others think it only ( )

functional kidney of the embryo

remains to induce the development of the hind kidney, or metanephros

woah

The mesonephric duct isnt important

false, it is clearly important

(in reference to the development to the metanephros)

The mesonephric duct eventually reaches all the way to the end of the gut tube- to the ( )- and initially drains it

cloaca

What induces the development of a new tube/duct that grows towards the hind kidney?

the mesonephric duct reaching all the way to the end of the gut tube, the cloaca

what is the hind kidney called?

the metanephros

In reference to the new duct that grows towards the metanephros, it grows from the ( ) of the mesonephric duct toward the ( ) of the ( )

caudal

intermediate mesoderm

developing metanephros

lets go

Mesonephric duct reaches all the way to the end of the ( )

gut tube (cloaca)

doodle it

bruh

The ureter grows towards the ( ), the cloaca is partitioned into a ( ) and a ( ) by the ( )

metanephros

dorsal rectum

ventral bladder

urorectal septum

wee

The bladder is a sort of ( ) in shape

tetrahedron

The bladder as ( ) attatchmets, one at ( )

4

each corner

One corner of the bladder lies at the top edge of ( ), here vestigial ( ) holds it down, the old ( )

pubic symphysis

urachus

allantoic connection

Right and left ( ) of the bladder dump in cranio-dorsally

ureters

( ) exists caudally or ( )

urethra

inferiorly

woah

What is defined by the triangle? Is it elastic?

the triangle defined by the connection of the two ureters and the exit of the urethra is not elastic. It is known as the trigone of the bladder

What is the trigone fo the bladder?

a smooth triangular region at the base of the urinary bladder that directs urine flow and signals bladder fullness