EU COMPETENCIES & POLICY PRINCIPLES

"Three principles of EU policy-making"

Conferral, proportionality, subsidiarity

"Conferral"

"EU only has powers granted by treaties."

"Proportionality"

"EU action cannot exceed what is necessary."

"Subsidiarity"

"EU acts only if more effective than states."

"Exclusive competencies"

"Customs union, competition, euro monetary policy, marine resources, commercial policy, international agreements.

"Shared competencies"

Internal market, agriculture, environment, energy, transport, consumer protection, social policy, R&D, humanitarian aid, territorial cohesion, trans-european networks, public health

"Supporting competencies"

Health, culture, tourism, education, youth, sport, civil protection, administrative cooperation

"Areas requiring coordination"

"Economic, employment, and social policies.