רקטום ואנוס נושאים כירורגים

internal anal sphincter

sphincter made out of שריר טבעתי

external sphincter

sphincter made out of striated skeletal muscle. It has voluntary motion

adenocarcinoma

the tumor that is most common in the rectum. It is most common in men in western countries

risk factors for rectal cancer

high calorie diet, ulcerative colitis, polyps

carcinoma

most common tumor in the anus. It is less common for someone to get this

CT with contrast material; also TRUS and PET CT

what is the most common method of diagnosis of rectal cancer; other methods of diagnosis

rectal resection and a stoma

surgical treatment of rectal cancer

Anal fissure

a long ulcer in the anal canal. It is most common in women and people with Crohn's disease

causes of an anal fissure

very strong pressure on the anus, birth, tear of the anus, Constipation.

signs of an anal fissure

strong pains during defecation, fresh blood in stool, constipation, sphincter will close when the doctor tries to stick their finger in, there will be a skin flap in the area

conservative treatment of an anal fissure

prevent constipation by giving: stool softeners, to sit in a bath with hot water to cause vasodilation, lidocaine gel for the pain, Nifedipine to dilate the sphincter

sphincterotomy

surgical treatment of an anal fissure. A small incision is made in the sphincter increasing blood flow to the area.

complications of a sphincterotomy

large bleed, infection, return of the fissure, damage to control over anal sphincters

causes of hemorrohoids

increased pressure on anal blood vessel due to constipation, hard feces that create scars and fibrosis, portal hypertension, increased interabdominal pressure

signs of internal hemorrhoids

fresh blood in stool, irritation and rash, pain, prolapse of hemorrhoids

signs of external hemorrhoids

pain and a bulge in the area of the anus

rectal exam and rectoscopy

method of diagnosis of hemorrhoids

conservative treatment of hemorrhoids

hygiene, laxatives, high fiber diet and a lot of water, creams, local anesthetics

sclerotherapy, tying of hemorrhoids, hemorrhoid removal

surgical treatment of hemorrhoids

sclerotherapy

insertion of a coagulation agent into the rectum causing the hemorrhoids to harden and fall off

complications of hemorrhoids

anemia, blood clots, fibrotic hemorrhoid

complications of hemorrhoid surgery

hemorrhage, urine retention, anal blockage, inability to control sphincters, hemorrhoids

perianal abcess

obstruction of the Mogerny glands in the anal canal. An infection enters the area and causes the development of a pus filled abcess

בדיקה ידנית

method of diagnosis of a perianal abcess

surgical draining under full anesthetics

method of treatment of a perianal abcess

necrotizing fasciitis, inability to control sphincters

complications of a perianal abcess

Anal fistula

A non physiological connection between the rectum and another area

causes of an anal fistula

an abscess that goes in between tissue layers and from there into the skin creating a fibrotic layer covered in epithelium

signs of an anal fistula

pus secretion with a bad smell, opening in the skin with a bad smell, pain, irritation, redness of the skin

fistulogram

method of diagnosis of an anal fistula. It is a CT with contrast material in order to see the fistula location

treatment of an anal fistula

removal of the fistula and the fibrotic tissue around it and then tying up the fistula. It should be drained multiple times a day until no more pus comes out and then it will be untied and the area is allowed to heal