המטופל הכירורגי מבוא

subjective measurements

can only be measured by the patient themselves

elective surgery

surgery that is planned ahead of time and isn't part of an emergency situation

emergency surgery

surgery that is not planned ahead of time and is needed because of decline in medical status

טיפול שמרני

treatment that doesn't involve surgery. It can include things like fasting, fluids, monitoring

disease

a pathological process in the body

trauma

damage caused by an external injury

hyperthermia

temperature above 38 degrees celcius. it can be caused by an infection, systemic disease, breaking apart of a hematoma, phlebitis

phlebitis

inflammation of the vein. usually caused by an improperly placed IV

hypothermia

temperature below 35 degrees celcius. happens in a lot of patients after surgery

causes of bradycardia

vasovagal reflex, arrhythmias, certain medications, athletes

causes of tachycardia

hemorrhage, hypovolemia, dehydration, pain, stress, fever, certain medications

12-16 breaths per minute

regular range of respiratory rate

causes of tachypnea

hypovolemia, pain, stress, respiratory distress

causes of bradypnea

anesthesia, medications, end of life situations

96-100%

regular range for oxygen saturation in a healthy patient

causes of low oxygen saturation

inefficient breathing, oxidation, or ventilation

CO poisoning

in what situation will 100% oxygen saturation measurement be considered irregular and dangerous

100-120

normal range for systolic bp

60-80

normal range for diastolic blood pressure

30-60

normal range for Mean Arterial Pressure

because there are certain medications that don't effect thrombin or prothrombin so the test won't see their effect

why are a lot of times now tests of coagulation such as PT, PTT, INR, not enough to give accurate information about coagulation in the body

X-ray

Scan that is good for seeing spaces that are filled with air or bones

perforation in the digestive system

seeing free air underneath the diaphragm on a chest x-ray is a sign of _________

atelectasis

a very white lung on the chest x-ray is a sign of

steps before a surgery

inform the patient of the situation, do blood tests, chest x-ray and ECG, physical assessment

premedication

drugs that the anesthesiologist might give before a surgery to prepare for the anesthesia

risk factors during surgery

size and type of surgery, length of anesthesia, complications of lying down and anesthesia, limited mobility