5_Mating patterns and Fertilization

Sexual imprinting

• In recent decades, scientists have proposed this ___as one of the main mechanisms that drive explosive speciation within these groups: rapid branching in the tree of life.

• has been observed in 15 orders of birds, some fish, and a few mammals.

Mating or copulation

• is a physical union to facilitate fertilization, a process by which the male and female gametes fuse.

• This process accomplishes two things – it provides the recombination of paternal and maternal genes to restore the original diploid number of the chromosomes of the species; and activates the egg to begin development.

fertilization

a process by which the male and female gametes fuse.

provides the recombination of paternal and maternal genes to restore the original diploid number of the chromosomes of the species

Mating or copulation accomplishes two things:

1. ___.

2. activates the egg to begin development

activates the egg to begin development

Mating or copulation accomplishes two things:

1. provides the recombination of paternal and maternal genes to restore the original diploid number of the chromosomes of the species

2. __.

Female frog

• Generally larger of the same age and species.

• Do not have a dark thumb pad.

• Have flabby and distended abdomen.

• Have no lateral cheek pouches.

• Have peritoneal cilia.

Male frog

• Have darkened thumb pad.

• Have swollen lateral vocal sacs located between the tympanum and the forearm.

• Have more slender and streamlined body structure than female.

• Do not have peritoneal cilia.

amplexus

• also known as pectoral grip or copulatory embrace, the process when the male clasps the female during mating

• During the normal breeding season, ___ is achieved as the female reaches the water.

peristaltic abdominal contractions

Once the female has selected an oviposition site, ___ in the female accompany ovulation or movement of eggs down the oviducts and signal the male that oviposition is about to take place.

muscular ejaculatory movements

Maintaining an amplectic embrace, the male frog exhibits ___, ejaculating the sperm into a neutral or slightly alkaline water. This coincides with oviposition on the part of the female.

neutral or slightly alkaline water

Maintaining an amplectic embrace, the male frog exhibits muscular ejaculatory movements, ejaculating the sperm into a ____. This coincides with oviposition on the part of the female.

polyestrous

Female mice are___, that is, they have a recurrence of estrus during the breeding season.

viviparous placental mammals

• The reproductive pattern in mice is that of the __

• are characterized by giving birth to live, well-developed young after a long gestation period supported by a temporary, nutrient-supplying organ called the placenta

21 days

Mice have a gestation period of ___with several youngs produced.