Upper Extremity AOII Chart - Updated Fall 2024

Trapezius - Origin

1. Descending - Occipital bone and spinous processes of C1-C7

2. Transverse - Spinous processes of T1-T4

3. Ascending - Spinous processes of T5-T12.

Trapezius - Insertion

Posterior lateral clavicle, medial surface of acromion process, scapular spine

Trapezius - Actions

Upper part: elevation, adduction and upward rotation of shoulder girdle

Middle part: scapular adduction

Lower part: depression, adduction, and upward rotation of shoulder girdle

Trapezius - Innervation

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Latissimus dorsi - Origin

Spinous processes of T7-S5 and posterior iliac crest

Latissimus dorsi - Insertion

Intertubercular groove, medial lip

Latissimus dorsi - Actions

1. Shoulder adduction

2. Shoulder extension from flexed position

3. Shoulder internal rotation

Latissimus dorsi - Innervation

Thoracodorsal

Levator scapulae - Origin

Transverse processes of C1-C4

Levator scapulae - Insertion

Superior angle of scapula, Medial border of scpaula superior to scapular spine

Levator scapulae - Actions

Scapular elevation, lateral flexion of neck, downward rotation of the scapula

Levator scapulae - Innervation

Dorsal Scapular

Rhomboid minor - Origin

Spinous processes of C7 and T1

Rhomboid minor - Insertion

Medial border of the scapula at the level of the scapular spine

Rhomboid minor - Actions

Scapular adduction and downward rotation of scapula

Rhomboid minor - Innervation

Dorsal Scapular

Rhomboid major - Origin

Spinous processes of T2-T5

Rhomboid major - Insertion

Medial border of the scapula inferior to the scapular spine

Rhomboid major - Actions

Scapular adduction and downward rotation of scapula

Rhomboid major - Innervation

Dorsal scapular

Serratus anterior - Origin

Anterolateral surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs

Serratus anterior - Insertion

Medial border of the scapula, costal aspect

Serratus anterior - Actions

scapular abduction, upward rotation of scapula, functionally controls winging

Serratus anterior - Innervation

Long thoracic

Subclavius - Origin

First rib

Subclavius - Insertion

Inferior surface of the clavicle

Subclavius - Actions

Depress and stabilize the clavicle

Subclavius - Innervation

Nerve to subcalvius

Pectoralis Major - Origin

1. Medial clavicle

2. Sternum

3. Ribs 2-6

Pectoralis Major - Insertion

Intertubercular groove, lateral lip

Pectoralis Major - Actions

1. Shoulder adduction

2. Shoulder internal rotation

3. Shoulder horizontal adduction

4. Shoulder flexion from extended position

Pectoralist Major - Innervation

Medial and lateral pectoral

Pectoralis Minor - Origin

Anterior surface of ribs 3-5 near cartilage

Pectoralis Minor - Insertion

Coracoid process

Pectoralis Minor - Actions

Scapular depression

Pectoralis Minor - Innervations

Medial pectoral

Deltoid - Origin

Anterior: lateral clavicle

Middle: acromion process

Posterior: scapular spine

Deltoid - Insertion

Deltoid tuberosity

Delotid - Actions

All parts: shoulder abduction

Anterior part: flexion, internal rotation, and horizontal adduction of shoulder

Posterior part: extension, external rotation, and horizontal abduction of shoulder

Deltoid - Innervation

Axillary

Supraspinatus - Origin

Supraspinous fossa

Supraspinatus - Insertion

1. Superior facet of greater tubercle

2. Shoulder joint capsule

Supraspinatus - Actions

Shoulder abduction

Supraspinatus - Innervation

Suprascapular

Infraspinatus - Origin

Infraspinous process

Infraspinatus - Insertion

1. Middle facet of greater tubercle

2. Shoulder joint capsule

Infraspinatus - Actions

Shoulder external rotation

Infraspinatus - Innervation

Suprascapular

Teres Minor - Origin

Lateral border of scapula, middle third

Teres Minor - Insertion

1. Inferior facet of greater tubercle

2. Shoulder joint capsule

Teres Minor - Action

Shoulder external rotation

Teres Minor - Innervation

Axillary

Subscapularis - Origin

Subscapular fossa

Subscapularis - Insertion

1. Lesser tubercle

2. Shoulder joint capsule

Subscapularis - Action

Shoulder internal rotation

Subscapularis - Innervation

Upper and lower subscapular

Teres Major - Origin

Lateral border of scapula, inferior part

Teres Major - Insertion

Intertubercular groove, medial lip

Teres Major - Actions

1. Shoulder internal rotation

2. Shoulder extension from flexed position

3. Shoulder adduction

Teres Major - Innervation

Lower subscapular

Coracobrachilais - Origin

Coracoid process

Coracobrachilais - Insertion

Mid-shaft of humerus, medial surface

Coracobrachilais - Actions

1. Shoulder flexion

2. Shoulder adduction

Coracobrachilais - Innervation

Musculocutaneous

Biceps Brachii - Origin

Long head: supraglenoid tubercle

Short head: coracoid process

Biceps Brachii - Insertion

Radial tuberosity

Biceps Brachii - Action

1. Elbow flexion

2. Supination

3. Shoulder flexion

Biceps Brachii - Innervation

Musculocutaneous

Brachialis - Origin

Anterior humerus, distal half

Brachialis - Insertion

Ulnar tuberosity

Brachialis - Actions

Elbow flexion

Brachialis - Innervation

Musculocutaneous and radial

Tricpes Brachii - Origin

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle

Lateral head: proximal half of posteior humerous

Medial head: distal posterior humerus

Tricpes Brachii - Insertion

Olecranon process

Tricpes Brachii - Actions

Elbow extension, long head: shoulder adduction and shoulder extension (from flexed)

Tricpes Brachii - Innervation

Radial

Anconeus - Origin

Lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior surface

Anconeus - Insertion

Olecranon process and shaft of ulna

Anconeus - Actions

Elbow extension

Anconeus - Innervation

Radial

Pronator Teres - Origin

Humeral head: medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon

Ulnar head: coronoid process

Pronator Teres - Insertion

Middle shaft of radius, lateral surface

Pronator Teres - Actions

Pronation

Pronator Teres - Innervation

Median

Flexor Carpi Radialis - Origin

Medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon

Flexor Carpi Radialis - Insertion

Bases of metacarpals 2-3, palmar side

Flexor Carpi Radialis - Actions

1. Wrist flexion

2. Radial deviation

Flexor Carpi Radialis - Innervation

Median

Palmaris Longus - Origin

Medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon

Palmaris Longus - Insertion

1. Palmar aponeurosis

2. Flexor retinaculum

Palmaris Longus - Actions

Wrist flexion

Palmaris Longus - Innervation

Median

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Origin

Humeral head: medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon

Ulnar head: proximal posterior ulna

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Insertion

1. Pisiform and hamate

2. base of 5th metacarpal

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Actions

1. Wrist flexion

2. Ulnar deviation

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Innervation

Ulnar

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Origin

Humeral-ulnar head: medial epicondyle via common flexor tendonand coronoid process of ulna

Radial head: oblique line

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Insertion

Splits to both sides of the base of each middle phalanx of digits 2-5

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Actions

1. Finger flexion

2. Wrist flexion

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Innervation

Median