Module 7: Unit 7.1 - Transporting Substances in the Human Body

Comprehensive flashcards based on Unit 7.1 lecture notes, covering blood components, blood typing, transfusion safety, the heart's anatomy, and blood vessel characteristics.

What are the three general functions of blood in the human body?

1. It protects the body against diseases. 2. It regulates or controls body temperature. 3. It transports dissolved substances to and away from body cells.

Which component of blood is responsible for transporting oxygen?

Red blood cells

What is the function of plasma in blood?

Transporting dissolved substances

What is the specific role of Lymphocytes in the blood?

They produce antibodies which kill bacteria.

How do Phagocytes protect the body?

By surrounding and engulfing bacteria.

What is the function of Platelets?

They help clot blood.

What are the four different types of blood groups inherited from parents?

A, B, AB, and O

Why is blood group O referred to as the universal donor?

Because people with blood group O can safely donate blood to any blood group.

Why is blood group AB referred to as the universal recipient?

Because people with blood group AB can safely receive blood from any blood group.

What are the consequences of a blood transfusion between incompatible blood groups?

The receiver's blood will clot and block his or her blood vessels, which can be fatal.

Which three communicable diseases must be checked for before a blood transfusion?

Syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B.

What are the four chambers of the human heart?

The right and left atria (auricles) and the right and left ventricles.

What is the function of the Pulmonary artery?

To carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Which vessel brings blood back to the heart from various body parts?

Vena cava

What is the function of the Aorta?

To carry blood to all parts of the body.

What is the function of the Pulmonary vein?

To carry oxygenated blood from the lungs.

What is the purpose of valves in the heart?

To prevent the backward flow of blood.

Why are the muscles of the left ventricle thicker than those of the right ventricle?

The left ventricle must push blood strongly to all parts of the body, whereas the right ventricle only pumps blood to the lungs.

What are the three types of blood vessels in the human body?

Arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Describe the structural features of an artery wall.

Arteries have thick muscle walls and elastic fibers.

What structural feature is unique to veins to ensure blood flow in one direction?

Valves

Describe the structure of a capillary.

It consists of a single layer of cells (one cell thick) and has no muscles.