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What was the key outcome of Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

Established the principle of judicial review.

What did McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) affirm?

The supremacy of federal law over state law.

What was the significance of Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)?

Ruled that African Americans could not be American citizens.

What doctrine did Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) uphold?

The constitutionality of racial segregation under 'separate but equal'.

What did Brown v. Board of Education (1954) declare unconstitutional?

State laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students.

What was the ruling of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) regarding the Sixth Amendment?

It is applicable to state courts through the Fourteenth Amendment.

What rights were established in Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?

Miranda rights, including the right to an attorney.

What test was established in Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)?

The Lemon test for determining violations of the Establishment Clause.

What legal right was recognized in Roe v. Wade (1973)?

A woman's legal right to have an abortion.

What principle did United States v. Nixon (1974) affirm?

No one, not even the President, is above the law.

What did Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) rule about affirmative action?

It upheld affirmative action but ruled that specific racial quotas were unconstitutional.

What did Texas v. Johnson (1989) hold about flag burning?

It constitutes symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment.

What did Shelby County v. Holder (2013) invalidate?

Key provisions of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

What was the ruling of Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) regarding same-sex marriage?

It is a constitutional right under the equal protection clause.

What did California v. Greenwood (1988) hold regarding trash searches?

Warrantless searches of trash left outside are not a violation of the Fourth Amendment.