8th Grade Health Final Exam Study Guide

Comprehensive practice flashcards for the 8th Grade Health Final Exam, covering disabilities, drug classifications, prenatal development, pregnancy, and medical abbreviations.

What is the difference between a physical disability and a mental disability?

A physical disability can affect how a person moves their body, while a mental disability affects how a person thinks and feels.

What is the primary goal of a drug treatment program?

To help people stop using drugs and help them adjust.

Contrast being "totally deaf" with being "hard of hearing."

Totally deaf is not hearing at all, while hard of hearing is a diminished ability to hear, though some sound remains.

What is the difference between paraplegia and quadriplegia?

Paraplegia affects the lower body and pelvic region, while quadriplegia is paralysis of the torso, legs, and arms from an injury.

What is one major limitation of the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) regarding accessibility?

Older buildings are harder to remodel.

Define "medication adherence."

Taking medication as prescribed.

In the drug schedule system (I-V), which schedule has the highest risk for abuse?

Schedule I.

What is the difference between prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs?

Over-the-counter drugs can be obtained directly, while prescriptions are prescribed to a specific person.

What is polypharmacy?

The condition of taking many medications simultaneously.

How many chromosomes does each parent contribute at fertilization?

$$23$$

Do ovaries continue to develop more eggs through puberty?

No.

Describe the structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

A double-sided helix.

What changes occur in sperm production during male puberty?

When a male hits puberty, the body makes millions of sperm.

What is the medical term for the intentional termination of a pregnancy?

Abortion.

How early should you arrive for a job interview?

$15\text{ minutes}$ early.

What is the term for a combined condition involving both vision and hearing loss?

Deaf-Blind

What learning disability primarily affects math skills?

discakulus

What disability appearing in early childhood affects muscle movement and coordination?

Cerebral Palsy

What is the birth defect where the spine and spinal cord do not develop correctly?

Spina bifida

What developmental condition affects social skills and self-control?

Autism

Which condition involves difficulty focusing on some topics and hyper-focus on others?

ADHD

What is multiple sclerosis?

A chronic autoimmune disease affecting myelin in the brain and spinal cord.

What disability affects a person's ability to read?

dyslexia

What is the term for a disability that affects a person's ability to write?

dysgraphia

Which condition is characterized by facial drooping and weakness on one side?

Bells Palsy

Define the difference between tolerance and dependence regarding medications.

Tolerance is when a person has to take more of a drug to get the same effect, while dependence is when the brain causes a person to need a drug.

Define "binge drinking."

When a person drinks a lot of alcohol in a short time.

Match the prenatal terms: Embryo vs. Fetus.

An embryo is the developing baby from before implantation up to week $8$, and a fetus is the developing baby from nine weeks until birth.

Contrast miscarriage and stillbirth.

A miscarriage is the unintentional death of a baby before $20$ weeks of pregnancy, while a stillbirth is the unintentional death after $20$ weeks.

What is a zygote?

The single cell formed immediately after conception.

What is the role of the placenta?

Organ that provides nourishment and oxygen and removes waste for the fetus.

Identify the male and female sex chromosomes.

Male sex chromosomes are XY; Female sex chromosomes are XX.

What is the difference between lanugo and vernix?

Lanugo is fine hair covering a fetus in utero, while vernix is a white, creamy coating on the fetus's skin.

What do the medical abbreviations "a.c." and "p.c." mean?

a.c. means before meals; p.c. means after meals.

What do the medical abbreviations "BID" and "TID" mean?

BID means twice a day; TID means three times a day.

In terms of school-age growth, how much do children typically grow and gain per year until puberty?

They grow $2-2.5\text{ inches}$ and gain $4-7\text{ pounds}$ per year.

If an individual takes 2 tablets of $500\text{ mg}$ Tylenol, 2 tablets of $325\text{ mg}$ Tylenol Sinus, and 1 caplet of $0.325\text{ g}$ acetaminophen, what is the total milligrams taken?

$$1975\text{ mg}$$

How many tablespoons are in a $60\text{ mL}$ dose of medication?

$$4\text{ Tbsp}$$

How many ounces is a $60\text{ mL}$ dose?

$$2\text{ oz}$$