Intervention for Articulation and Phonology in Children

Vocabulary flashcards covering intervention strategies, diagnostic categories, and specific treatment approaches for pediatric articulation and phonological disorders based on Roth & Worthington (2021).

Articulation Disorder

A disorder that stresses the motor component and focuses on the incorrect production of individual phonemes (sounds) characterized by SODA (substitutions, omissions, distortions, additions).

Phonological Disorder

A disorder that stresses the linguistic aspect of speech and focuses on rule-based errors with logical principles.

Functional Etiology

Speech production errors in the absence of any identifiable pathology or etiology.

Organic Etiology

A speech disorder with a known physical cause, such as cleft palate, hearing impairment, or neurologic dysfunction.

Atypical Phonological Processes

Phonological patterns identified by Oller (1975) that are not typically found in development, including backing, initial consonant deletion, and glottal replacement.

Developmental Method of Target Selection

Identifying therapy targets based on the chronological order of acquisition in normally developing children.

Nondevelopmental Method of Target Selection

Determining therapy targets based on client-specific factors (e.g., client's name) or the degree of perceived deviance (e.g., % of occurrence of phonological processes).

Traditional Approach (Van Riper, 1978)

An articulation approach that is sensory or motor-based, following a sequence from speech sound discrimination to conversational speech.

Motor-Kinesthetic Articulation Approach

An approach that emphasizes the development of correct movement patterns by having the clinician manipulate the articulators, using tactile, kinesthetic, and proprioceptive cues.

PROMPT

An acronym standing for Prompts for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets.

Paired Oppositions Approach

A phonologically based approach that targets phonemic contrasts and differences in meaning between two words (e.g., tap vs. cap) without explicit instruction on articulatory placement.

Minimal Pairs

A paired opposition where errors differ in only one feature, such as voicing (e.g., Ban vs. Pan); used with children who have fewer errors.

Maximal Pairs

A paired opposition where errors differ in several features including place, manner, and voicing (e.g., Sad vs. Mad); used with children who have a large number of errors.

Cycles Approach

A phonological approach for highly unintelligible speech where the clinician identifies phonological processes to target for a predetermined amount of time before moving to new targets.

Core Vocabulary

An approach targeting 50-70 functionally powerful words to improve consistency rather than accuracy; goals include the ability to generate consistent phonological plans.

Metaphon Philosophy

An approach by Howell & Dean (1994) intended to enable children to consciously reflect on the phonemic structure of language and increase awareness of speech sound aspects without corrective feedback.

Multiple-Sound Approach

An intervention that attempts to influence several error sounds at the same time, used when clients present with multiple articulation errors.

Sensory-Perceptual Training

Also called 'ear training,' this is the first step in the traditional motor approach to help clients learn to hear and discriminate the target sound correctly.

Facilitating Contexts

Also known as 'key words,' these are specific coarticulatory conditions where a client can successfully produce a sound that they otherwise misarticulate.

Principles of Motor Learning

A set of complex processes associated with conditions of practice and feedback that lead to permanent changes in a motor skill.

Multiple Oppositions Approach

A method that utilizes the child's collapse of phonemic contrasts within minimal pair therapy.

Complexity Approach

A therapy approach based on findings that providing more complex linguistic input promotes greater change on untreated related targets in the phonological system.

Near-minimal pairs

Pairs of words that differ by more than one phoneme, but the vowel preceding or following the target sound remains constant in both words.