APUSH Period 4 (1800-1848)

Election of 1800

DR’s Burr and Jefferson tie on votes

Jefferson wins on the 36th House vote after Hamilton persuades them to vote for him

John Marshall

Supreme Court Justice that ruled on early influential cases

Thomas Jefferson

Drafted the Declaration of Independence, 3rd US President (1801-1809)

Revolution of 1800

the peaceful transition of presidential power from the Feds to the DRs

Louisiana Purchase

territory bought under Jefferson that doubled the size of the US

Lewis and Clark Expidition

people who explored and charted through the new Louisiana territory to gain knowledge of the territory

Aaron Burr

lost 1800 election to Jefferson

1804, ran for NY governor and tried to get New England to secede but didn’t even win

1806, tried taking Mexico from Spain and secede Louisiana, arrested for treason

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

established the power of judicial review

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

established that the federal gov. had the implied power to create the National Bank

Election of 1808

James Madison wins

James Madison

called the Father of the Constitution, 4th US President (1809-1817)

Barbary Pirates (1801-1805)

pirates raiding US ships in N. Mediterranean

Jefferson sends small navy fleet to fight the pirates

no decisive win, but the US gained respect

Quids

group of DRs that believed Jefferson abandoned DR principles by upholding the National Bank and the Louisiana Purchase

Challenges to US Neutrality

constant seizing of neutral ships by France and Britain, Britain impressed US sailors

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807)

British warship Leopard fired at the US warship Chesapeake, 3 killed and 4 impressed

Embargo Act (1807)

prohibited US mechant ships from sailing to foreign ports

hoped it would get Britain to stop impressing because they were losing their biggest trade partners

US hurt badly by the law, Britain was fineN

Nonintercourse Act of 1809

Americans could trade with nations expect Britain and France

Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)

restored trade with Britain and France, but if one agreed to respect US neutrality they would block trade with the other

France said they would respect, but they didn’t

war hawks

group of DRs that thought war with Britain would be the only way to defend honor, get Canada, and get rid of frontier Indians

military battles in the War of 1812

lots of naval battles

Aug. 1814, British burn down DC

Sept. 1814, US win the Battle of Fort McHenry

US won the Battle of New Orleans, led by Andrew Jackson

Treaty of Ghent (1814) and Legacy of the War of 1812

restored pre-war boundaries, no mention of impressment or neutrality

US gets respect of many nations, nationalism grew stronger

Hartford Convention

group of Feds meeting right before the war ended, some wanting to secede New England and others argued for amendments

after the war, the convention dissolved and led to the end of the Federalist party

Election of 1816

James Monroe won

James Monroe

helped facilitate the Louisiana Purchase, 5th US President (1817-1825)

Era of Good Feelings

term to describe Monroe’s presidency

DRs controlled politics

nationalism grew

The American System

proposed by Henry Clay to help integrate regional economies

1) 20% tariff to protect American industry

2) federal funding for internal improvements, like the Erie Canal

3) sell public land for improvements

4) 2nd National Bank to handle War of 1812 debt

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Clay’s proposal to admit Missouri as a state and keep balance in the Senate

1) Missouri slave, Maine free

2) no slavery above 36’ 30

Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)

limited US and Britain navy in the Great Lakes

Treaty of 1818

joint occupation of Oregon with Britain for 10 years, Canada border established at the 49th parallel

Adams-Onis Treaty

Spain gave Florida to the US for $5 million

Seminole Wars

military campaign by Andrew Jackson into Spanish Florida to stop Seminoles from coming into the US

Monroe Doctrine

Monroe’s message to Europe to not interfere with the Western Hemisphere, otherwise the US will see it as an act of war

Jacksonian Democracy

promoting the “common man” with universal white male suffrage, nominating conventions, and selection of electors by popular vote

spoils system

The Corrupt Bargain (Election of 1824)

Jackson won plurality of electoral votes, so he went to a tiebreaker with Quincy Adams

Henry Clay uses his influence to get House reps. to vote for Adams, and he wins

John Quincy Adams

6th US President (1825-1829)

Tariff of Abominations (1828)

raised tariffs to 50% to protect Northern manufacturing, pisses off the South

Election of 1828

Andrew Jackson wins

Andrew Jackson

became a war hero in the War of 1812 for winning the Battle of New Orleans, normal middle class man which made him relatable, 7th US President

Indian Removal Act (1830)

forced resettlement of Indians to West of the Mississippi River

Jackson sends military to force them, most affected were the Cherokees

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)

ruled the Cherokees didn’t have the right to sue in federal court because they weren’t a foreign country

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

ruled that Indian removal laws had no force in territories

Jackson ignored the ruling and sent the US military to force Indians out

Trail of Tears

15,000 Cherokees forced West from the Indian Removal Act

Nullification Crisis

South Carolina nullified the Tariff of Abominations unconstitutionalB

Banking Crisis

Jackson vetoing the National Bank, moving money to pet banks, and requiring land to be paid in gold and silver

led to paper currency falling, land sales plummet, Panic of 1837

pet banks

state banks known for getting federal funds after Jackson’s National Bank veto

Specie Circular

issued by Jackson, required purchase of federal land in gold and silver

The 2nd Two Party System

Democrats, supporters of Jackson and more similar to DRs

Whigs, supporters of Clay and more similar to Feds

Election of 1836

first time the new two party system was used

Martin Van Buren, Democrat, wins

Martin Van Buren

8th US President

Independent Treasury

Van Buren’s proposed plan to hold federal funds in vaults rather than pet banks, passed in 1840s

Market Revolution

shift from agrarian society to commercial society in the early 1800s

How did the Old Northwest develop during the Market Revolution?

Transportation in the Market Revolution

roads, canals, and railroads helped connect the West to the North

Ex. National Road, Erie Canal

telegraph

created by Samuel Morse during the Market Revolution, made messaging instant

cotton gin

made by Eli Whitney maybe during the market revolution, sped up slavery again in the South

Lowell System

get young farm women to work in factories because it was getting hard to find workers

Factory System

brought from the UK by Samuel Slater, centralized production of goods

Unions

goal was to advocate for worker’s rights, mainly reduce the work day to ten hours during the Market Revolution

Economic Impact of the Market Revolution on the North

made New England the biggest manufacturing port in the world

growth of financial systems like banking and insurance

connected themselves to the West

Economic Impact of the Market Revolution on the South

commercial agriculture with huge plantations

cotton becomes main cash crop

Economic Impact of the Market Revolution on the West

farming becomes main economic source, big plantations with lots of slaves

commercial agriculture

Social and Cultural Impact of the Market Revolution on Women

first time they started looking for city jobs, mainly domestic services or teaching

most working women were single

Social and Cultural Impact of the Market Revolution on Immigrants

Social and Cultural Impact of the Market Revolution on the Social Struct

spoils system

giving government jobs based on loyalty, not merit

creates corruption and inefficiency