English Grammar and Reading Comprehension Review

A Comprehensive deck covering English verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, grammar rules, vocabulary deduction strategies, and reading comprehension techniques.

Simple Present Tense

Used for habits, general truths, or actions happening now.

Simple Past Tense

Used for completed actions at a specific time.

Simple Future Tense

Used for actions that will happen later.

Present Continuous Tense

Used for actions happening right now or temporary actions.

Past Continuous Tense

Used for actions that were ongoing at a certain point in the past.

Future Continuous Tense

Used for actions that will be ongoing at a certain future time.

Present Perfect Tense

Used for actions completed at an unspecified time but still relevant.

Past Perfect Tense

Used for actions completed before another action in the past.

Future Perfect Tense

Used for actions that will be completed before a specific future time.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Used for actions that started in the past and continue into the present.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Used for actions that were ongoing before another past action.

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Used for actions ongoing up to a point in the future.

Subject-Verb Agreement Basic Rule

Singular subjects take singular verbs; plural subjects take plural verbs.

Compound Subjects (Joined by 'and')

These subjects are considered plural.

Compound Subjects (Joined by 'or' or 'nor')

The verb agrees with the closest noun.

DQOSSASCOMP

The mnemonic for adjective order: Determiner, Quantity, Opinion, Size, Age, Shape, Color, Origin, Material, Purpose.

MPFTP

The mnemonic for adverb order: Manner, Place, Frequency, Time, Purpose (Merry People Find True Purpose).

Definition Clue

A context clue where the meaning is directly explained in the sentence.

Contrast Clue

A context clue where the sentence provides an opposite idea that hints at the meaning.

Example Clue

A context clue where the word's meaning is inferred through given examples.

Comparison Clue

A context clue where the unfamiliar word is compared to something familiar, showing similarities.

Cause-Effect Clue

A context clue where the meaning of the word is hinted at through a cause-and-effect relationship.

Pronoun-antecedent agreement

The rule that a pronoun must match its antecedent in number (singular/plural) and gender.

Parallelism

A grammatical concept where items in a list or comparison follow a consistent grammatical format.

Coordinating Conjunctions

Connect equal ideas or independent clauses using the FANBOYS acronym.

Subordinating Conjunctions

Link dependent clauses to independent clauses to show relationships like cause or contrast.

Correlative Conjunctions

Pairs of words that show the relationship between two grammatically equal elements, such as Either…or.

Simile

A figure of speech that compares dissimilar objects using 'like' or 'as.'

Metaphor

An implied comparison of dissimilar objects without using 'like' or 'as.'

Personification

Assigning human qualities or actions to non-human objects.

Hyperbole

Expressing something through exaggeration.

Skimming

A reading strategy used to grasp the main idea without detailed reading.

Scanning

A reading strategy used to locate specific information while ignoring irrelevant details.