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Flashcards for Plotkin Final

What are the 3 branches of government?

Executive, legislative, and judicial

What is a separation of powers?

Fundamental principle of government-power is divided among the branches of govt.- no one branch is more powerful

What are checks and balances?

A system set up to maintain a balance of power between the branches of govt.

What does it mean to veto? Who has that power?

To reject a law or legislation

The president has the power , but Congress does have the power to override the veto

What can the Executive branch do? What powers does it hold/check?

The President, VP, and Cabinet- enforces the law, veto power, appoint Federal Judges

What can the Judicial branch do? What powers does it hold/check?

The Supreme Court and federal court system- Declare laws unconstitutional, interprets the laws

What can the Legislative branch do? What powers does it hold/check?

Congress- House of Representatives and Senate, makes the laws, appoints judges and presidential nominees, creates agencies, appropriates funds, veto override power

Who can declare acts of Congress unconstitutional?

Supreme Court

What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

Protect individual rights- put in place to have all states ratify the constitution - limit the power of the Federal Govt

What rights are protected under the First Amendment?

Freedom of speech, religion, press, petition and assembly

Can the government limit individuals’ rights? In what circumstances?

Yes, can limit if safety is at risk

When the state and federal laws say different things, which law wins out?

Federal

What rights are protected under the 4th Amendment?

Protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures

What rights are protected under the 5th Amendment?

“Due process” protects rights of the individuals -shall not be deprived of life, liberty, or property

What did Alexander Hamilton want to establish at the national level?

National Bank

What did Hamilton believe the U. S. should do about our war debts?

Pay off all war debts- by doing this all will have an interest in the success of the new govt. and its finances.  He achieved this payment of debts through compromise with Dem-Rep and agreed to have the capital located in the South- Washington, DC

Who was the 1st President? How many terms did he serve?

George Washington - 2 terms

Who was the 2nd President?

John Adams

What was the XYZ affair?

France was seizing our ships - John Adams sends reps to meet with French reps in Paris , the French reps asked for a loan and bribes. Adams is outraged and refers to the French reps as XYZ

Explain the Alien and Sedition Acts

After the XYZ affair people are suspicious of immigrants ( esp. French), these acts were supported by the Federalists, these acts were put in place to control immigration and acts of treason (sedition).  They were also used to control people who spoke out against the govt. Like the press.

What are political parties?

Groups with the same philosophies about how the country should be governed

Did Washington support political parties? Why or why not?

No - he saw them as a threat to our democracy and kept people from working together for a better govt. And country

What was the Whiskey Rebellion?

Civil uprising in Penn. against the federal tax on Whiskey.  The govt. (Washington) sent the army.

1. Explain Jay’s Treaty

Treaty with Great Britain - leave US territory (Ohio River Valley)

What was the difference between the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans?

Federalists - wanted a strong Federal Govt.

Democratic -Republicans - wanted a weaker Federal Govt. with strong state govt

Name 3 political leaders who were Federalists from this time period.

Adams, Hamilton, and Pickney

Name 3 political leaders who were Democratic-Republicans.

Jefferson, Monroe, and Madison

Which President facilitated the Louisiana purchase?

Thomas Jefferson

How much did the Louisiana Purchase cost?

$15 million

Who did the President send to explore the Louisiana Territory?

Lewis and Clark

What was their main objective?

Record everything and find a possible Northwest Passage to the Pacific Ocean

Who helped guide the explorers and communicate with local tribes?

Sacagawea

What countries were involved in the War of 1812?

Great Britain and the United States

Who was Tecumseh? What side did he fight for?

A native American who tried to form a Native American Confederacy.  They were defeated at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

What happened after the Battle of Tippecanoe?

Native Americans lost and this was the end of hope for the Native American Confederacy.  They joined forces with the British and got arms from them.

Who led the Battle of Lake Erie?

Oliver Hazard Perry

Who led the Battle of New Orleans?

Andrew Jackson- This is U.S. victory that happened after the end of the war.

How did the War of 1812 end?

The end of the war was a stalemate.  Treaty of Ghent ended the fighting and agreed to original borders.

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

Europe and America will no longer be involved in each other's business.  The Americas are no longer open for colonizing.

What was the Missouri Compromise?

Compromise over the creation of more states and whether they are free or slave states.  The 36 degrees 30 minutes of latitude.  Missouri is a slave state and Maine is a free state.

What is nationalism?

Patriotism

What was “Manifest Destiny”?

It is ordained by God to go west and spread our liberty and democracy.  Spread the boundaries of the U.S. from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

Under Jackson, what Act of Congress forced Native Americans to relocate?

Indian Removal Act

Where were most Native Americans relocated during the Trail of Tears?

Oklahoma

What countries held claim to the Oregon Territory?

Russia, U.S., Great Britain, and Spain

How did Texas become a state?

Through the Texas Annexation.  **The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (New Mexico, California,Colorado, Arizona,Nevada and parts of others) and all claims to Texas, ends the Mexican -American War.  The Battle of San Jacinto severed Texas from Mexico.  Texas becomes a state in 1845.

What was the American Industrial Revolution?

The shift from farming to manufacturing, especially in New England

What region of the US had waterways, enabling the growth of factories?

New England

What region of the US had large spaces for agriculture?

South

What was the cotton gin? How did it impact society?

The cotton gin is a machine that removes seeds from the cotton.  It made this process much quicker, but it increased the need for slaves in the South.

What invention enabled for better travel on the rails?

Steam Engine

What impact did the Industrial Revolution have on the Civil War?

The Industrial Revolution impacted the Civil War with the automation and inventions that impacted the fighting.  The rail system brought troops much quicker to the battle.  The telegraph provided up to date info on the fighting almost instantly.  The interchangeable parts impacted weapons.

What were the two sides of the Civil War and what were they called?

Union - Yankees - North

Confederates-Rebels-South

What was the North’s goal in the war?

Preserve the country/nation- by force if needed

Eventually with the Emancipation Proclamation - end slavery

What was the South’s goal in the war?

To keep slavery and uphold state’s rights

What is a border state and why are they important?

On the border of the north and south- each hoping to control - Maryland is the most important because it protects/surrounds Washington, DC

The South believed who would help them? Why?

England and France - for their agricultural products - esp.  cotton

Who were the leaders in the North and South?

Lincoln - North

Jefferson Davis - South

When and where did the Civil War start?

1861 with the Battle of Bull Run

What was the outcome of the Battle of Shiloh?

Union Victory-Deadliest battle-stopped the Confederacy from controlling the Mississippi River-preventing supplies to reach the eastern confederacy

What was Sherman’s March?

March to the Sea- destroy everything- Union Victory

What happened at the Battle of Bull Run?

1st Major Battle of the Civil War- Confederate Victory - realize this is going to be a long war

Which side suffered the most casualties and destruction?

South- most battles are fought there

What is the significance of Gettysburg?

Lincoln’s address-stated his vision to end slavery

When, Where, and how did the Civil      War end?

 Appomattox Court House 1865- Lee surrenders to Grant

 What is the Anaconda Plan?

The Anaconda Plan was a Union strategy during the American Civil War designed to "strangle" the Confederacy into submission, much like an anaconda snake, by cutting off its resources and splitting it in two. Proposed by Union General Winfield Scott in 1861, the plan aimed to avoid a long, bloody conflict through economic pressure.

  What is the Emancipation Proclamation?

President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free.”  He also declared that all freed slaves can enlist in the Union Army.   The 54 th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment, one of the first Black regiments to serve in the US Civil War.