A&P LAB Urinary and Reproductive System
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169 Terms
what is pharyngotympanic tube
a tube that opens into the lateral walls of the nasopharynx and connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear
what is the function of the pharyngotympanic tube
allows the middle ear pressure to equalize with atmospheric pressure
what are the paranasal sinuses
air-filled cavities surrounding the nasal cavity, named for the bones in which they are located
what are the functions of the paranasal sinuses
act as resonance chambers for speech, warm and moisten incoming air
what is #1
nasopharynx
what is #2
opening of pharyngotympanic tube
what is #3
uvula
what is #4
oropharynx
what is #5
laryngopharynx
what is #6
esophagus
what is #7
trachea
what is #8
nasal cavity (nasal conchae superior, medial and inferior)
what is #9
hard palate
what is #10
soft palate
what is #11
tongue
what is #12
epiglottis
what is #13
vocal fold
what is #1
thyroid cartilage
what type of cartilage makes up the thyroid cartilage
hyaline cartilage
what is the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage commonly called
adam’s apple
what is the function of the thyroid cartilage
form the framework of the larynx
what type of epithelium lines the trachea
ciliated, mucus-secreting, pseudostratified columnar epithelium
what is the function of the tracheal epithelium
trap debris in mucus and move it upward with cilia to keep the airway clean
what is #1
trachea
what is #2
alveolar duct
what is #3
alveoli
what is #4
alveolar sac
what is #1
hilum of lung
what is the medial indentation where the structures of the lung root enter or leave the lung
the hilum
what is the cardiac notch, what lung is it on?
a concavity on the medial surface of the left lung that accommodates the heart where it extends left from the body’s midline.
what is #1
cardiac notch
what serous membrane encloses each lung in a double-layered sac
the pleura
what is #1
posterior
what is #2
esophagus
what is #3
trachea
what is #4
esophagus
what is #5
trachealis muscle
what is #6
mucosa
what is #7
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
what is #9
hyaline cartilage
what is #10
anterior
what is #1
alveoli
what is inspiration
when air is taken into the lungs
what is expiration
when air passes out of lung
how are bronchial sounds produced
air rushing through the large respiratory passageways
how are vesicular breathing sounds produced
apparently results from air filling the alveolar sacs and resembles the sound of rustling leaves
epiglottitis is a condition in which the epiglottis is inflamed. it is most often caused by a bacterial infection. explain why this type of inflammation is life-threatening.
this inflammation can quickly obstruct the airway, preventing oxygen from entering the lungs and causing asphyxiation or respiratory failure.
pneumonia is an infectious disease in which fluid accumulates in the alveoli. patients who are diagnosed with pneumonia are monitored for their oxygen saturation levels. describe how pneumonia could affect the amount of oxygen in the blood.
pneumonia fills the alveoli with fluid, which reduces the surface area available for gas exchange. because oxygen cannot diffuse effectively through fluid-filled alveoli, less oxygen enters the bloodstream. this leads to lower oxygen saturation levels.
what is #1
tongue
what is #2
esophagus
what is #3
liver
what is #4
gallbladder
what is #5
small intestine
what is #6
large intestine
what is #7
stomach
what is #8
pancreas
what is #1
esophagus
what is #2
muscularis externa
what is #2a
longitudinal layer
circular layer
oblique layer
what is #3
duodenum
what is #4
pyloric sphincter at pylorus
what is #5
pyloric canal
what is #6
pyloric antrum
what is #7
fundus
what is #8
body
what is #9
lumen
what is #10
rugae of mucosa
what is #1
gastric pit
what is #2
gastric gland
what is #3
parietal cell (secretes HCl and intrinsic factor)
what is #1
muscularis externa
what is #2
submucosa oblique layer
what is #3
circular layer
what is #4
longitudinal layer
what is #1
stratified squamous epithelium of esophagus
what is #2
esophagus-stomach junction
what is #3
simple columnar epithelium of stomach
what is #1
circular folds
what is #2
villi
what is #1
duodenal glands
what is #1
peyer’s patches
what is #1
goblet cell in epithelium
what is the crown of a tooth
the superior portion of the tooth visible above the gingiva (gum), which surrounds the tooth
what covers the surface of the tooth crown
enamel
what is enamel made of
heavily mineralized, 95–97% inorganic calcium salts
what is #1
neck
what is #2
root
what is #3
gingiva (gum)
what is #4
root canal
what happens when the common hepatic duct or bile duct is blocked (e.g., by gallstones)
bile cannot enter the small intestine, so it accumulates and backs up into the liver
how does blocked bile flow affect liver cells
exerts pressure on liver cells and begins to leak into the bloodstream
why does jaundice occur when bile enters the bloodstream
as bile pigments circulate through the body, they deposit in tissues, causing them to appear yellow
what is #1
liver
what is #2
cystic duct
what is #3
common hepatic duct
what is #4
bile duct and sphincter
what is #5
tail of pancreas
what is #6
pancreas
what is #7
main pancreatic duct and sphincter
what is #8
duodenum