parts of brain

what is the central nervous system made up of: 2

• brain

• spinal cord

what is the CNS key to: 2

• key in conscious control of body

• key to instinctual or reflex actions of the body and organs

frontal lobe (motor cortex) functions:

• high level thinking

• reasoning, planning, parts of speech, voluntary motor function of skeletal muscles, emotions, and problem solving, personality, and memory

parietal lobe:

movement, orientation, recognition, and perception of stimuli

occipital lobe

associated with visual processing

temporal lobe:

associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, visual and verbal memory, speech, smell

cerebellum: 2

• associated with regulation, coordination of movement, posture, and balance

• muscle memory

limbic system what does it deal with

emotions and memory

what does the brain use to communicate between the two hemispheres: 2

• corpus callosum

• bridging gap and allowing integration of both sides for them to work together

anterior commisure

also connects two hemispheres of the brain

what is the brain stem responsible for

basic vital live functions (breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure)

what is the mid brain responsible for

acts as a complex switchboard, allows the brain to communicate with the rest of the nervous system

what is the pons (hind) brain responsible for

relaying messages from the cerebrum to the cerebellum and spinal cord

what is the medulla oblongata responsible for

regulates vital functions and responsible for the six crazy dwarf reflexes

cerebrospinal fluid

CUSHION, circulates nutrients, hormones, white blood cells, wastes

choroid plexus: 3

• reddish vascular tissue in the center of the brain

• removes wastes from spinal fluid

• adds water, vitamins, and salts to the fluid

protective membranes of spinal cord: 3

• pia mater (inner - direct connection with spinal cord)

• arachnoid (middle)

• dura mater (outer - thicker and tougher, surrounds spine stuff and brain)

dura mater: 3

• top layer of meninges lying beneath bone tissue

• opens into sinus cavities where liquids and stuff drain into the jugular vein

• home to meningeal veins

CSF: 2

• clear liquid that cushions the brain and spinal cord

• helps transport nutrients to and wastes away from CNS

arachnoid layer: 2

• attached to thicker dura mater and surrounds the brain and spinal cord but does not go into he folds of the brain

• below this is where CSF circulates to distribute nutrients and oxygen and take away wastes

pia matter: 3

• thinner, fibrous membrane that is impermeable to fluid, thus enabling it to contain CSF and create a cushion

• allows blood vessels to pass through and nourish the brain

• when it becomes irritated and inflamed the result in meningitis

what does the blood brain barrier allow?

passage of water, some gases, and mainly selective transport of molecules and lipid-soluble molecules by diffusion

what does the blood brain barrier prevent

entry of lipophilic, potential neurotoxins by way for an active transport mechanism

what is necessary to create a blood brain barrier and does all of the brain have a blood brain barrier: 2

• astrocytes are necessary

• small number of regions do not have a blood brain barrier

grey matter: 4

• aka substantia grisea

• controlled by nerve cell bodies and the majority of true dendrites

• no myelin blanket

• fills about 40 percent of the whole brain in humans and consumes 94 percent of oxygen

white matter: 3

• aka substantia alba

• made up of extending myelinated nerve fibers (axons)

• 60 percent of the brain is comprised of white matter