AAAS Society in Korea

2. Briefly describe the following terms what they are, with examples (one page) What is the definition of Language and give 2 examples

Language is a social behavior and a linguistic system that reflects underlying cultural patterns. It’s used to communicate information and maintain human relationships

ex:

• Korean uses honorifics to reflect social relationships, showing respect based on age and status

• Korean sentence structure follows SOV, which reflects how info is organized in the language

2. Briefly describe the following terms what they are, with examples (one page) What is the definition of culture and give 2 examples

Culture is a complex whole including knowledge, belief, art, morals, and customs.

• Brooks describe culture has Big culture (formal society, politics) and small culture (daily life).

• Seelye describes culture as all aspects of human life

2. Briefly describe the following terms what they are, with examples (one page) What is the definition of sound symbolism and give 3 examples

Sound symbolism refers to the relationship between sound and meaning, where certain sounds are associated with specific meanings.

3 types of sound symbolism in Korean:

1. change of initial consonant (ex: ping, pping, phing)

2. change of vowel (haha vs hihi)

3. final consonant meaning (phing (round), phik (abrupt)

2. Briefly describe the following terms what they are, with examples (one page) What is the definition of proverb and give examples

A proverb is a relatively simple idiomatic expression that reveals cultural and social aspects of language

ex in korean: monkey falls down from the tree→ hidden meaning= experts make mistakes

2. Briefly describe the following terms what they are, with examples (one page) What is the definition of morphophonemic writing system and give examples

MWS represents both meaning (morphemes) and sound (phonemes)

• in korean, words are spelled consistently based on their base form, even when their pronunciation changes depending on the surrounding sources

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay) a) describe phatic expressions and their function

Phatic expressions are used to maintain social relationships rather than convey info.

Key characteristics are icebreaking function which opens the channel of communication and meaninglessness where the literal content is often irrelevant to the actual situation ….

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay) a) what are the 3 phases of phatic expression

opening phase or greeting

medial phase which includes main business of the convo

closing phase which includes ritualistic leave-taking and future oriented remarks

(phatic expression usually most dense in opening and closing phases

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay) a) what is an example of the opening phase in phatic communion? explain

ex of opening phase in korean culture is asking “are your children growing well?” and someone would respond “yes (they are), thanks to you”.

here the speaker isnt actually saying the kids are growing because of that person. Instead, it’s a respectful way of responding to someone who showed concern.

the cultural meaning communicates something like “thank you for asking”. so the response is phatic and polite rather than literal

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay) a) give an example in the medial phase of phatic communion. explain

an example in the medial phase is “I didn’t prepare much, but eat a lot”.

this is a humble self oriented expression down playing the amount of food prepared to show humility and politeness

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay)

b) List 5 proverbs in korean w/ their background and implicit meaning

1…

“옷이 날개다“

This literally translates to “clothes are wings”

This is a Korean equivalent of “clothes make the man”.

• It suggests that a person’s appearance and the way they dress can significantly elevate their status or how others perceive them.

• Just as wings allow a creature to soar, good clothes can help a person “fly” higher in social situations

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay)

b) List 5 proverbs in korean w/ their background and implicit meaning

2…

“돈이 장사다“

this literally translates to “money is a strong man”

in this context, “장사“ refers to a person of great physical strength or a might warrior.

• the proverb means that money possesses a power so great that it can overcome obstacles just as easily as a strong man can push through a crowd

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay)

b) List 5 proverbs in korean w/ their background and implicit meaning

3…

“가난이 죄다“

this literally translates to “poverty is a sin”

this reflects the harsh reality where being poor is often treated as a moral failing or something to be ashamed of

• it suggests that when you’re poor, you’re often blamed for your own misfortunes or treated with the same disdain as a criminal

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay)

b) List 5 proverbs in korean w/ their background and implicit meaning

4…

“말똥에 굴러도 이승이 좋아“

this literally translates to “even if i roll in horse manure, i like this world”

this proverb captures a strong sense of vitalism and the value of life itself

• it suggests that no matter how miserable, dirty, or difficult your current circumstances are, being alive is far better than being dead

• it’s an expression of endurance and the belief that life is precious even at its lowest point

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay)

b) List 5 proverbs in korean w/ their background and implicit meaning

5…

“그 아버지에 그 자식 “

this literally translates to “like father, like son”

this specifically refers to the Confucian principle of the deep, inseparable bond and duty between a parent and child

• it implies that the nature of the father is naturally passed down to the son, reinforcing the idea of a familial continuity and shared character

1. Your term paper topic and its brief description (one page)

What is the topic sentence of first paragraph

Korean slang plays an important role in digital communication, especially among younger generations.

1. Your term paper topic and its brief description (one page)

what is the second sentence with examples? why is it efficient and important?

in online spaces such as texting and social media, speakers frequently use shortened forms like “ㅋㅋ“ to represent laughter, “ㅇㅇ“ to show agreement, and “ㄱㄱ“ to suggest taking action or moving forward

these expressions are efficient because they reduce the number of key strokes required, allowing for faster communication in real time interactions.

this efficiency is important in digital envis where speed and convenience are priotized

1. Your term paper topic and its brief description (one page)

What is the topic sentence of second paragraph

in addition to efficiency, korean slang helps convey emotion and tone, which are often difficult to express in written text

1. Your term paper topic and its brief description (one page)

What is the example for second paragraph and explanation

for ex, “ㅋㅋ“ signals humor or light-heartedness, while “헐“ expresses surprise or disbelief

these expressions function similarly to nonverbal cues in spoken language, helping to avoid misunderstandings and making communication feel more natural

1. Your term paper topic and its brief description (one page)

may not have space for 3rd paragraph but 3rd paragraph topic/2nd sentence

korean slang also serves a strong social function.

it’s commonly used among younger speakers and with online communities, where it reinforces group identity

1. Your term paper topic and its brief description (one page)

concluding 2 sentences of third paragraph

those who understand and use slang are seen as part of an in-group, while those who do not may feel excluded

slang spreads rapidly through social media and is often influenced by pop culture, trends, and digital platforms

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay)

c) Describe three models of gender theory, giving examples of your choice of language.

topic sentence, model 1/ex

there are 3 main models used to explain gender differences in language: the deficit model, the dominance model, and the cultural difference model

the deficit model views women’s language as lacking compared to men’s language

• women are disadvantaged speakers

• male speech is considered the norm or standard and womens speech is seen as weaker or less assertive

ex: women are often described as using more polite or indirect language

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay)

c) Describe three models of gender theory, giving examples of your choice of language.

model 2/ex

the dominance model focuses on power differences between men and women

• argues that men dominate social and linguistic interactions because they hold more power in society

• language reflects this imbalance

ex: men may interrupt more or control convos, while women may use more polite forms due to their lower social position

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay)

c) Describe three models of gender theory, giving examples of your choice of language.

model 3/ex

cultural difference model suggests that men/women belong to different subcultures, each with its own communication style

• rather than one being weaker, they are simply different

ex: women may use more indirect requests and avoid strong or taboo expressions more than men

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay)

c) Describe three models of gender theory, giving examples of your choice of language.

concluding background and sentence

korean reflects gender differences in areas such as occupational and kinship terms.

• many professional titles are male centered by default, reflecting a patriarchal society

• kinship terms also show distinctions based on gender and family roles

in conclusion, these 3 models provide diff perspectives on how gender influences language, highlighting issues of power and social roles

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay) d) How do “Power” and “Solidarity” play a role in address and reference terms?

topic sentence

power and solidarity are key factors that influence how people address and refer to others in language

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay) d) How do “Power” and “Solidarity” play a role in address and reference terms?

power/ex

power refers to hierarchical relationships based on factors such as age (teacher vs student), gender (woman vs man), and social status (boss vs subordinate)

ex: a student addressing a professor must show respect by using titles rather than first name. in korean, this often means using title and last name rather than first name

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay) d) How do “Power” and “Solidarity” play a role in address and reference terms?

solidarity/ex

context korean vs english

solidarity on the other hand, refers to the commonality and symmetry shared by 2 people

ex: people who share the same background, such as friends, classmates, or siblings, are more likely to use first names and informal language

in english, first names are commonly used even in situations where there is some difference in status

• BUT in korean, titles are used more frequently, especially when there’s a difference in power

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay) d) How do “Power” and “Solidarity” play a role in address and reference terms?

examples korean vs english

the interaction between power and solidarity determines choice of address terms

ex:

• when both power and solidarity are low (such as between distant relatives) speakers use more formal terms. in korean, this typically means using title and last names rather than first names

• when solidarity is high (such as between siblings/close friends) speakers use more informal terms. in this case, both korean and english allow use of first names because of closeness of relationship

• when there’s a high power difference, (such as between a student and dean/prof) speakers must show respect regardless of familiarity. in both korean and english, titles are used but korean relies on them more consistently

3. Answer four of the following essay questions (two pages for each essay) d) How do “Power” and “Solidarity” play a role in address and reference terms?

concluding sentence

in conclusion, power and solidaroty are key features in determining language use, especially in korean, where social hierarchy and interpersonal relationships strongly influence communication