Chapter 11- DNA replication 

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Last updated 8:15 PM on 3/4/25
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20 Terms

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DNA replication
The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during the S phase of the cell cycle.
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Genome
The complete set of an organism's DNA, including all of its genes.
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Chromatin
DNA wrapped around proteins (histones) that condenses to form chromosomes during mitosis.
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Somatic cells
Body cells that contain 2 copies of each chromosome.
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Gametes
Reproductive cells that contain one copy of each chromosome.
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Semiconservative replication
A method of DNA replication where each new strand is made from one old strand and one new strand.
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Hershey & Chase experiment
An experiment that confirmed DNA as the genetic material using bacteriophages.
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Meselson & Stahl experiment
An experiment that demonstrated semiconservative replication of DNA.
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Helicase
The enzyme that unwinds and untwists the double helix at the replication forks.
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SSB proteins
Single-Strand Binding proteins that stabilize single-stranded DNA during replication.
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Topoisomerase
An enzyme that alleviates the strain caused by twisting ahead of the replication fork.
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Primase
An enzyme that synthesizes a short RNA primer used for DNA replication.
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DNA polymerase
The enzyme that synthesizes a new DNA strand by adding nucleotides.
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DNA ligase
An enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments together during DNA replication.
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Replisome
A complex of proteins responsible for DNA synthesis at the replication fork.
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Okazaki fragments
Short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during replication.
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Leading strand
The DNA strand that is synthesized continuously in the direction of the replication fork.
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Lagging strand
The DNA strand that is synthesized discontinuously against the direction of the replication fork.
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5’ to 3’ direction
The direction in which DNA is always synthesized during replication.
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Antiparallel
The orientation of the two strands of DNA where one runs 5’ to 3’ and the other runs 3’ to 5’.