Study session 4/24/2026

22.1

Just beyond the inferior end of the trachea is/are the

primary bronchi

The epiglottis is part of the

larynx

Which cells in the aveoli are squamos

Type 1 alveolar cells

Which of the following is part of the respiratory membrane?

capillary endothelial cells

veins draining blood from capillaries around alveoli have blood that is

oxygen rich and carbon dioxide poor

The oxygen taken in by the respiratory system is used mainly for

ATP synthesis

With the ____ concentration in the blood is ______, it causes the pH of the blood to drop.

CO2; high

Oxygen in the blood is carried mostly by

hemoglobin

The diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the respiratory membrane can be categorized as a type of osmosis.

False

Normally, at alveoli, carbon dioxide is in higher concentration in the

capillary blood

Which is true regarding surfactant in the lungs?

it lines the interior walls of the alveoli

Other than reducing friction, what is a function of the pleurae?

help increase the lung volume when the thoracic cavity expands.

When breathing, air will flow to the region or compartment with a lower air pressure during

both inspiration and expiration

During expiration,

air exits the lungs because the thoracic volume shrinks

The major salivary glands are secreting saliva all the time.

False

Which of the following is NOT part of the alimentary canal?

Trachea

For which of the following does digestion NOT begin in the mouth

Protein

Blood in pulmonary arterioles and venules came most directly from the

right ventricle

Contraction of inspiratory muscles causes _____ lung volume and ______ air pressure in the lungs

increased; decreased

In Boyle’s law, if pressure decreases, then V1 is _______ than V2

smaller

Which does not require muscle contraction?

normal expiration

P1=10, V1=5, V2=25. What is P2?

2

When going from one place to another, air always flows down its

pressure gradient

To get air into the lungs, the ____ in the lungs has to be ______ than the ______ in the atmosphere

pressure; lower; pressure

Inspiration cannot occur if the thoracic and abdominal cavities are prevented from expanding because the intrapulmonary _______ cannot be decreased

pressure

Interfering with the normal pH of the stomach (e.g., by excess antacid use) would be expected to affect gastric digestion of which of the following?

Protein

In the alimentary canal, which structure is immediately proximal to the stomach

esophagus

Which of the following is NOT involved in the mechanical breakdown activity of the digestive system?

protease

Which type of cell is NOT in the stomach wall?

Enterocytes

All parts of the digestive system are lined with a mucous membrane.

False

Which of the six activities of the digestive system occur in the mouth?

ingestion, mechanical breakdown, absorption, digestion, and propulsion only

Some bronchioles are located outside the lungs

False

Which is NOT part of the respiratory membrane?

erythrocyte plasma membranes

Which are the main cells that make up the walls of alveoli?

Type I alveolar cells

Respiratory gases go from air to blood or blood to air by the process of

simple diffusion

The respiratory gases O2 and CO2 are both associated with

ATP Synthesis

Acid in the stomach is NOT involved in which of the following?

stimulation of gastric lipase production

Which of the following is a protease present in the stomach?

pepsin

At which of the following does no absorption occur?

esophagus

Digestion of ______ begins in the mouth

lipids and carbohydrates

Which is digested in the stomach

two answers are correct

Which of the following is a type of mechanical breakdown?

segmentation

Which activity occurs in the esophagus?

propulsion

Which of the following is a type of propulsion activity.

swallowing

The major salivary glands are in the mouth

false

A slower than normal rate of breathing would do what to the acid content of the blood?

increase it

Which of the following is different for the stomach compared to the rest of the alimentary canal?

the stomach has more layers of muscle than the rest of the alimentary canal

Digestion means

breakdown by enzymes

What is the correct pathway of air moving toward the lungs?

pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi

Which of the following is created in the mouth?

a bolus

The function of surfactant is to

keep the alveoli from collapsing when a person exhales

Mechanical breakdown occurs in the stomach

true

is the epiglottis most commonly open or closed

closed

Which of the following is part of the alimentary canal

stomach

The minor salivary glands are responsible for keeping the mouth moist

true

What respiratory system component is most responsible for moistening, warming, and filtering air?

nasal cavity