A&P II Unit 1 Test (Ch. 14)

The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the change of

fibrinogen to fibrin

Which of the following drinks reduces the amount of iron absorbed from food?

Tea

In edema

tissues swell with fluid

As a result of starvation or a protein-deficient diet, blood protein concentration

decreases and water accumulates in tissue spaces.

Prothrombin time is a blood test used to evaluate

extrinsic clotting mechanism

Sickle cell disease is caused by

a mutation

Athletes abuse erythropoeitin (EPO) because it

increases the red blood cell supply, which brings more oxygen to muscle cells

Blood vessel spasms following an injury are stimulated by

serotonin released from platelets.

Pus is composed of

bacteria, white blood cells, and damaged cells.

Plasma electrolytes include

bicarbonate, magnesium, chloride, and potassium ions

"Formed elements" are

blood cells and platelets

Erythroblastosis fetalis may occur in

a second Rh-positive fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman.

Vitamin B12 is poorly absorbed in the absence of

intrinsic factor

The biconcave cells in blood that lack nuclei when they are mature are the

red blood cells

Universal precautions are

specific measures that health-care workers should take to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens in the workplace.

The symptoms of porphyria variegata result from a defect in

recycling of the prophyrin ring of hemoglobin in red blood cells

On a long transcontinental flight, a middle-aged man gets up and exercises in the aisle, moving his hands, feet, arms, and legs as much as he can. He does this every two hours. The flight attendant asks him to sit down, but he explains that he is trying to prevent a very dangerous medical condition. He is talking about

deep vein thrombosis

A primary function of lymphocytes is to

act against foreign substances

The formed elements in the blood are

mostly red blood cells.

Which of the following is an agranulocyte?

A monocyte

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

Plasma contains fibrinogen; serum does not.

Nonprotein nitrogenous substances include

-amino acids.

-urea.

-uric acid

-creatinine

all of the above

Vitamin K

is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin

Which two mature blood cell types descend from myeloblasts?

Neutrophils and basophils.

Which of the following formed elements releases serotonin?

platelets

Biliverdin and bilirubin are pigments that result from the breakdown of red blood cells. Biliverdin is ______ in color and bilirubin is ______ in color.

greenish; orange

What is the substance in tea that binds iron, reducing the amount absorbed?

Tannic acid

Heparin prevents blood clotting by

inhibiting the formation of prothrombin activator and the action of thrombin on fibrinogen.

Blood platelets

-lack nuclei.

-release serotonin.

-number from 130,000 - 360,000 per microliter blood.

-form from megakaryocytes.

all of the above

What percentage of the US population is Rh negative?

15% of Caucasians and 5% of African Americans

Which of the following are most active as phagocytes?

Neutrophils

Blood volume varies with

-amount of adipose tissue.

-changes in electrolyte concentration.

-changes in fluid concentrations.

-body size.

all of the above

Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis are

-prolonged periods of staying still in one position.

-use of oral contraceptives or estrogen.

-recent abdominal surgery.

-dehydration

all of the above

The final step in the formation of a blood clot is

that thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

Heme released from hemoglobin in aged red blood cells is decomposed in the liver into

iron and the bile pigment biliverdin, which is eventually converted to bilirubin

Which is the correct sequence for differentiation of a red blood cell?

Hematopoietic stem cell, erythroblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte

Petechiae are a symptom of

thrombocytopenia

Platelets are best described as

cytoplasmic fragments of cells

The release of tissue thromboplastin initiates

the extrinsic clotting mechanism

The proteins that B cells produce that attack foreign cells are

antibodies

Diapedesis is

movements of white blood cells out of the circulation

Stacy has been tired and bruising easily, and she's had three respiratory infections in the past few months. She has also had headaches and a few nosebleeds. A physician should check her for

leukemia

The red blood cells of type AB blood have on their surfaces

antigens A and B

Transfusions to the fetus and neonate with Rh-negative blood are to

prevent brain damage

Oxyhemoglobin is ______ in color, whereas deoxyhemoglobin is ______ in color.

bright red; bluish

Hematocrit is

the percent of red blood cells in a blood sample

In leukemia

-the blood has too many immature leukocytes.

-the person has lowered resistance to infection.

-the blood has too few platelets

-the person has a tendency to bleed and bruise

all of the above

Hydroxyurea treats sickle cell disease by

activating a gene that normally functions only in a fetus

The normal white blood cell count is

4,500-10,000 cells per microliter of blood.

Marianne has small, bruise-like spots on her skin and a low platelet count. These blemishes are most likely

petechiae

The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of human blood is normally about

45%

The form of anemia caused by lack of dietary iron is

iron deficiency anemia

Genotyping differs from serology in that

serology detects diverse antigens, whereas genotyping detects the underlying genetic instructions for those antigens

Which is the most rare ABO blood type in the US?

AB

As a platelet plug forms, platelets release

serotonin

Cyanosis is caused by an increased blood concentration of

deoxyhhemoglobin

Which plasma protein is accurately described?

beta globulins-transport of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins

Which of the following is not required for the formation of a blood clot?

Albumin

The distribution of ABO blood types among Korean Americans differs markedly from that of Native Americans in that

Korean Americans have about equal frequency of types O, A, and B, with 10% AB, whereas Native Americans have mostly type O, with type AB very rare.

Nonprotein nitrogenous substances include

-amino acids.

-urea.

-uric acid

-creatinine.

all of the above