Biology: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Reproduction and Characteristics

Vocabulary terms and definitions based on lecture notes regarding binary fission in prokaryotes and the structural characteristics of eukaryotic cells.

Binary Fission

The method of reproduction used by prokaryotes involving DNA copying, cell elongation, and splitting into two identical cells.

Eukaryote Examples

Includes organisms such as fungi, Algae, and Protozoa.

Eukaryotic Nucleus

A structure where DNA is enclosed within a nuclear membrane.

Eukaryotic Chromosomes

Multiple chromosomes with a linear shape, unlike the circular DNA found in bacteria.

Human Chromosome Count

Humans possess a total of $46$ chromosomes.

Histones

Proteins that DNA wraps around to organize itself and help it fit inside the nucleus.

Membrane-bound Organelles

Eukaryotic structures including the nucleus, mitochondria, golgi-apparatus, and Endoplasmic reticulum.

Polysaccharides

Complex carbohydrates found in the cell walls of certain eukaryotes when present.

Chitin

The specific polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi.

Cellulose

The specific polysaccharide found in the cell walls of algae.

Mitosis

The process by which eukaryotes divide cells to produce two genetically identical cells.