Study of bacterial diseases

What is a communicable disease

• can be transferred from one individual to another
• also referred to as transmissible or infectious diseases
• caused by pathogens such as viruses and bacteria

What are non communicable diseases?

• diseases not transmitted from one person to another
• often referred to as lifestyle diseases
• cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic
respiratory diseases

When did germ theory arise?

In the final decades of
the 19th century

Who proposed germ theory?

Robert Koch

What is a reservoir

typically harbors the infectious agent without injury to itself and may serve as a source from which hosts can be infected

What is horizontal pathogen transmission?

Transmission of a pathogen between members of a species

What is vertical pathogen transmission

Passing of a pathogen from parent to child

How does direct contact transmission occur?

skin to skin contact

How does direct droplet spread transmission occurr?

short-range aerosols produced by sneezing, coughing or even talking

How does indirect aerosol transmission occur?

carried by dust or droplet nuclei suspended in the air

How does indirect vehicle transmission occur?

through contaminated materials such as food and water

What is a biological vector?

carried within a live organisim

What is a mechanical vector?

carried on the surface/outside

What is zoonotic transmission?

Transmission between a human and an animal

What are some examples of vertical transmission?

HIV, gonorrhea, Rubella virus

What are some examples of horizontal transmission?

Corona virus, measles

How is MRSA spread in healthcare?

-Direct contact with an infected wound or from contaminated hands

-People who carry MRSA may have no signs of infection, but can still spread the bacteria to others

How do measles and TB spread?

Aerosol

How id meliodosis spread?

Soil bone organism

Can aerosolize

More prominent in the wet season

Can be zoonotic

How is Qld Tick Typhus spread?

biological vector transmission

How is Q-fever transmitted?

zoonosis

How is whooping cough transmitted?

Direct droplets

Define a pure culture

Only one strain of microorganism present

Why is agar suitable for pure culture generation?

Microbes cannot eat/digest agar

It is solid at 40-100C

How does Bordetella pertussis spread?

direct droplets

What does Bordetella pertussis cause?

Whooping cough

How is Treponema pallidum spread?

sexual transmission or congenital

What disease does Treponema pallidum cause?

Syphilis

What does Mycobacterium tuberculosis cause?

TB

How does Mycobacterium tuberculosis spread?

aerosols

What does Rickettsia australis cause

QLD tick typhus

How is Rickettsia australis spread?

biological vectors

What does Coxiella burnetii cause?

Q-fever

How does Coxiella burnetii spread?

zoonosis via contaminated aerosol inhalation